Triazole compounds and uses related thereto

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a triazole compound of the following formula: 
                         
a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The above-mentioned triazole compound has superior HSD1 inhibitory activity, and is useful as an HSD1 inhibitor, a therapeutic drug of diabetes or a therapeutic drug of obesity or a therapeutic drug of metabolic syndrome.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/587,846, and it claims the benefit of Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/515,537, filed Oct. 28, 2003, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to triazole compounds having HSD1 inhibitory activity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (hereinafter, “11beta-HSD1” or “HSD1”) catalyzes the interconversion of glucocorticoids (hereinafter, “GC”) between inert 11-keto forms (e.g. cortisone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone) and active 11beta-hydroxy forms (e.g. cortisol, corticosterone, respectively). The enzyme, in vivo, prefers the reductase direction from the 11-keto to the 11beta-hydroxy, in other words, the production of active GC.

11Beta-HSD1 is ubiquitously expressed, most notably in liver, lung, adipose tissue, vasculature, ovary and the central nervous system.

Until recently, experimental results have suggested that the active form of GC produced through HSD1 as well as the enzyme itself is involved in several biological actions and diseases.

For example, the active GC is known to stimulate gluconeogenic enzymes and have effects at least in part in inducing hyperglycemia. In this situation, HSD1 can be a second source of GC production in addition to the adrenal glands.

As another example, continuous excessiveness of the active GC in peripheral tissues, as observed in Cushing's syndrome, leads to insulin resistance, where HSD1 is considered to have an important role.

Also, in adipose tissue, active GC is demonstrated to enhance the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Mature adipocytes express HSD1 activity, which causes an increase in local concentration of the active form and further expansion of adipose tissue. Such an action of HSD1 should be critical in pathogenesis of obesity.

In addition, a local immunosuppressive effect of HSD1 in placental deciduas, and a relationship between the expression of the enzyme in adrenal cortex and the induction of adrenaline synthesis, are suggested.

(The above are referred to in: Quinkler M, Oelkers W & Diederich S (2001) European Journal of Endocrinology Vol. 144, Pages 87-97; and Seckl J R & Walker B R (2001) Endocrinology Vol. 142, Pages 1371-1376.)

According to the above suggestions, it is expected that drugs having inhibitory effects against HSD1 would be useful for treating or preventing diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome in connection with any of such diseases, or any other diseases which occur by reason of the actions of HSD1.

Diabetes mellitus, main feature of which disease is chronic hyperglycemia, introduces various metabolic abnormalities and shows symptoms of thirst, polydipsia, polyuria, and so on based on high glucose concentration. Continuing hyperglycemic state would also lead to diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and myocardial and/or cerebral infarction by reason of arteriosclerosis.

In treating diabetes, moderate suppression of hyperglycemia is critical in order that onset and progress of the complications would be repressed. For these purposes, dietetics, ergotherapy and pharmacotherapy are utilized in combination on a suitable basis and, amongst the pharmacotherapy, many approaches different in mechanisms of action have been attempted. In spite of those various existing methods, sufficient therapeutic effect has not ever been achieved.

Obesity is defined as a state of fatness coinciding with any disease that would be improved or not be progressed in case of weight decrease (e.g. diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension) or with an excessive amount of fat in viscera. It is considered that, if such a state should continue, at least two of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and etc. would concur, and then onset of myocardial and/or cerebral infarction by reason of arteriosclerosis would occur.

Major therapeutic methods in treating obesity are dietetics and ergotherapy, and pharmacotherapy is undertaken only if necessary, for example, because of difficulty in the first two alternatives. However, the existing drugs have several problems in adverse effects and usages, since most of them suppress feeding mainly via central action.

In consequence, development of any drug to treat diabetes and/or obesity with a novel mechanism of action has so far been required. Under these circumstances, it is expected that drugs having inhibitory effects against HSD1 would be useful as another alternative with separate mechanistic approach to treat diabetes mellitus, as well as a novel “adipose tissue-acting” class among other drugs against obesity.

As drugs in development to treat diabetes and/or obesity through inhibition of HSD1, for example, WO 03/065983 discloses triazole compounds of the following general formula:

[wherein:

-   R¹ is unsubstituted or substituted adamantyl; -   W is —N(R^(a))— or single bond; -   X is —CH₂— or single bond; -   Z is —S— or single bond; -   R^(a) is —H or C₁₋₆ alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one to     five fluorines; -   R² is —H, unsubstituted or substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted or     substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, —CH₂CO₂H, —CH₂CO₂C₁₋₆ alkyl,     —CH₂CONHR^(a), —(CH₂)₀₋₂C₃₋₉ cycloalkyl (optionally having double     bonds, and either unsubstituted or substituted), —(CH₂)₀₋₂C₅₋₁₂     bicycloalkyl (optionally having double bonds, and either     unsubstituted or substituted), —(CH₂)₀₋₂ adamantyl (either     unsubstituted or substituted) or —(CH₂)₀₋₂R; -   R³ is —H, unsubstituted or substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, unsubstituted or     substituted C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, —YC₃₋₉ cycloalkyl (optionally having     double bonds, and either unsubstituted or substituted), —YC₅₋₁₂     bicycloalkyl (optionally having double bonds, and either     unsubstituted or substituted), —Yadamantyl (either unsubstituted or     substituted) or YR; -   R is benzodioxolane, furan, tetrahydrofuran, thiophene,     tetrahydrothiophene, dihydropyran, tetrahydropyran, pyridine,     piperidine, benzofuran, dihydrobenzofuran, benzothiophene,     dihydrobenzothiophene, indole, dihydroindole, indene, indane,     1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, phenyl or naphthyl (any such R     unsubstituted or substituted); and -   Y is —(CH₂)₀₋₂— or (—HC═CH—)].

However, any description under said application does not disclose nor refer to any of the compounds having the structure of the present invention.

The compounds of the present invention improve physicochemical (stability, etc.) and biological (activity to inhibit HSD1, specificity, bioavailability, metabolism, etc.) profiles, as a result of the selection of structural characteristics as disclosed herein.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, it has been found that triazole compounds represented by the following formula have superior HSD1 inhibitory activity, and are useful as HSD1 inhibitors or therapeutic drugs of diabetes or obesity.

The present invention provides the following.

-   (1) A triazole compound represented by the following formula:

wherein

-   R¹ is an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group wherein the alkyl group     and the cycloalkyl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 5     substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, —CF₃,     —OH, —NH₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group,     —COOH, —CO—O-alkyl, —CO—N(R⁷)(R⁸), —N(R⁷) —CO—R⁸, an aryl group and     a heteroaryl group     -   wherein R⁷ and R⁸ are each independently a hydrogen atom or an         alkyl group, and the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are         optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently         selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group,         —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N (R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a         cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a         heteroaryl group         -   wherein n is 0-3, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each independently a             hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or —CO-alkyl, and R¹¹ is —OH,             an alkoxy group, an alkyl group or —N(R¹²)(R¹³) wherein R¹²             and R¹³ are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl             group; -   Y is a cycloalkyl group or a heterocycloalkyl group wherein the     cycloalkyl group and the heterocycloalkyl group are optionally     substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from     a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH,     —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an     alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹,     R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above); -   Ar¹ is an aryl group or a heteroaryl group; -   R² and R³ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a     haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN,     —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group,     —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group     -   wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are optionally         substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected         from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group,         —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a         cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a         heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above); -   Z is —(CH(R¹⁴))_(p)—, —(CH(R¹⁴))_(p)—N(R¹⁶)—(CH(R¹⁵))_(q)— or

-   -   wherein Y₁ is a cycloalkyl group or a heterocycloalkyl group         -   wherein the cycloalkyl group and the heterocycloalkyl group             are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each             independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl             group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN,             —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group,             —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰             and R¹¹ are as defined above),     -   p is 0-3, q is 0-3, R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are each independently a         hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl         group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a         cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group or a         heteroaryl group         -   wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are             optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each             independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl             group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN,             —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group,             —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰             and R¹¹ are as defined above), and     -   R¹⁶ is a hydrogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group,         —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —(CH₂)_(n)—CO—R¹¹, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl         group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group         -   wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are             optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each             independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl             group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN,             —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group,             —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰             and R¹¹ are as defined above);

-   Ar² is an aryl group, a heteroaryl group or

-   -   wherein X₁ is —(CH₂)_(t)— wherein t is 0-2, V₁ is ═CH— or ═N—,         and W₁ is —C(R¹⁷)(R¹⁸)—, —O—, —S—, —SO₂—, —SO—, —CO— or —N(R¹⁹)—         -   wherein R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ are each independently a hydrogen atom,             an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group,             —(CH₂)_(r)—OH, —CO—R²⁰, —N(R²¹)(R²²) or -L₁-Ar³             -   wherein r is 0-3, R²⁰ is —OH, an alkoxy group, an                 alkoxyalkyl group or —N(R²³)(R²⁴)                 -   wherein R²³ and R²⁴ are each independently a                     hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(s)—OH, an                     alkoxyalkyl group, or in combination form

-   -   -   -   -    wherein s is 0-3, X₂ is —O—, —(CH₂)_(t)— or                     —N(R²⁵)—                 -    wherein t is as defined above and R²⁵ is a hydrogen                     atom, —CO—R²⁶, —SO₂—R²⁶ or —(CH₂)_(n)—Ar⁴                 -    wherein R²⁶ is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group,                     —NH-alkyl or —N(-alkyl)₂, u is 0-3, and Ar⁴ is an                     aryl group or a heteroaryl group wherein the aryl                     group and the heteroaryl group are optionally                     substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each                     independently selected from a halogen atom, a                     haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH,                     —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a                     cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl                     group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are                     as defined above),

            -   L₁ is —(CH₂)_(v)—, —O— or —CO—                 -   wherein v is 0-3, and

            -   Ar³ is an aryl group or a heteroaryl group wherein the                 aryl group and the heteroaryl group are optionally                 substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently                 selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an                 alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an                 alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group,                 —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹,                 R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above), and

            -   R²¹ and R²² are each independently a hydrogen atom, an                 alkyl group, —CO-alkyl, —CO—O-alkyl or -L₁-Ar³ (L₁ and                 Ar³ are as defined above), and

            -   R¹⁹ is a hydrogen atom, —CO—R²⁶, —SO₂—R²⁶ or                 —(CH₂)_(n)—Ar⁴ (R²⁶, u and Ar⁴ are as defined above);                 and

-   R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom,     —OH, —NO₂, —CN, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, —CO—R²⁷, —SO₂—R²⁷,     —CO—N(R²⁸)(R²⁹) or —N(R³⁰)(R³¹)     -   wherein the alkyl group and the alkoxy group are optionally         substituted by 1 to 5 substituents each independently selected         from a halogen atom, —CF₃, —OH, an alkoxy group, a haloalkoxy         group, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl         group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (R⁹, R¹⁰         and R¹¹ are as defined above),         -   wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are             optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each             independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl             group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN,             —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group,             —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰             and R¹¹ are as defined above)     -   R²⁷ is —OH, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, —NH₂, —NH-alkyl or         —N(-alkyl)₂,     -   R²⁸ and R²⁹ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl         group or —(CH₂)_(w)—R³²,         -   wherein w is 0-3 and R³² is —OH, —CF₃, an alkoxy group,             —CONH₂ or —N(R³³)(R⁹⁴)             -   wherein R³³ and R³⁴ are each independently a hydrogen                 atom, an alkyl group, —CO-alkyl, or in combination form

-   -   -   -    (X₂ is as defined above) or R²⁸ and R²⁹ in combination                 form

-   -   -   wherein X₃ is —CO—, —CH₂— or —CH₂—CH₂—, X₄ is —O—,             —(CH₂)_(t)—, —N(R²⁵)— or

-   -   -   -   wherein Y₂ is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl and t and                 R²⁵ are as defined above, and R³⁵ and R³⁶ are each                 independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl                 group optionally substituted by —OH, —OH, —CN, —NO₂, an                 alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group,                 —CO—R³⁷, —N(R³⁸)(R³⁹)                 -   wherein R³⁷ is —OH, an alkoxy group, —NH₂,                     —NH-alkyl, —N(-alkyl)₂ or

-   -   -   -   -    (X₂ is as defined above)                 -    wherein the alkyl group in —NH-alkyl and                     —N(-alkyl)₂ and the alkoxy group are optionally                     substituted by 1 to 5 substituents each                     independently selected from a halogen atom, —CF₃,                     —OH, an alkoxy group, a haloalkoxy group,                     —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, a cycloalkyl group, an                     alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a                     heteroaryl group (R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined                     above),                 -    wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are                     optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each                     independently selected from a halogen atom, a                     haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH,                     —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a                     cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl                     group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are                     as defined above), and                 -   R³⁸ and R³⁹ are each independently a hydrogen atom,                     an alkyl group, —CO-alkyl or —CO—O-alkyl, and

        -   R³⁰ and R³¹ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl             group optionally substituted by —OH, —SO₂—

        -   R⁴⁰, —(CH₂)_(x)—CO—R⁴¹ or

-   -   -   -   wherein x is 0-3, R⁴⁰ is an alkyl group or —NH₂,             -   R⁴¹ is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group optionally                 substituted by —OH, —OH, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl                 group or —(CH₂)_(s)—N(R⁴²)(R⁴³)                 -   wherein s is as defined above and R⁴² and R⁴³ are                     each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group,                     —OH, an alkoxy group, or in combination form

-   -   -   -   -    (X₃, X₄, R³⁵ and R³⁶ are as defined above),

            -   V₂ is ═CH— or ═N— and W₂ is —C (R⁴⁴)(R⁴⁵)—, —O— or                 —N(R⁴⁶)—                 -   wherein R⁴⁴ and R⁴⁵ are each independently a                     hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a                     haloalkyl group, —(CH₂)_(r)—OH, —CO—R⁴⁷ or                     —N(R⁴⁸)(R⁴⁹)                 -    wherein r is as defined above, R⁴⁷ is —OH, an                     alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group, —N(R⁵⁰)(R⁵¹)                 -    wherein R⁵⁰ and R⁵¹ are each independently a                     hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(s)—OH (s is                     as defined above) or an alkoxyalkyl group, and                 -    R⁴⁸ and R⁴⁹ are each independently a hydrogen atom,                     an alkyl group, —CO-alkyl or —CO—O-alkyl, and                 -   R⁴⁶ is a hydrogen atom, —CO—R⁵² or —SO₂—R⁵² wherein                     R⁵² is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, —NH-alkyl or                     —N(-alkyl)₂ or

        -   R³⁰ and R³¹ in combination form

-   -   -    (X₃, X₄, R³⁵ and R³⁶ are as defined above), or

-   R⁴ and R⁵ in combination may form —O-alkylene-O—, a prodrug thereof     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

-   (2) The triazole compound of (1) above, wherein Z is —(CH(R¹⁴))_(p)—     and p is 0, a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt     thereof.

-   (3) The triazole compound of (2) above, wherein Y is a C₃₋₈     cycloalkyl group, a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable     salt thereof.

-   (4) The triazole compound of (3) above, wherein Ar¹ is a phenyl     group, a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt     thereof.

-   (5) The triazole compound of (4) above, wherein R² and R³ are each     independently a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom, a prodrug thereof     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

-   (6) The triazole compound of any of (1) to (5) above, wherein Ar² is     a phenyl group, R⁴ is a hydrogen atom and R⁵ is —CO—N(R²⁸)(R²⁹), a     prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

-   (7) The triazole compound of (6) above, wherein R²⁸ and R²⁹ are each     independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, a prodrug thereof     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

-   (8) The triazole compound of any of (1) to (5) above, wherein Ar² is     a phenyl group, R⁴ is a hydrogen atom and R⁵ is —N(R³⁰)(R³¹) wherein     R³⁰ is a hydrogen atom and R³¹ is —(CH₂)_(x)—CO—R⁴¹, a prodrug     thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

-   (9) The triazole compound of (8) above, wherein X is 0 and R⁴¹ is an     alkoxy group, a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable     salt thereof.

-   (10) The triazole compound of (8) above, wherein X is 0 and R⁴¹ is     —(CH₂)_(s)—N(R⁴²)(R⁴³), a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically     acceptable salt thereof.

-   (11) The triazole compound of (10) above, wherein s is 0, R⁴² is a     hydrogen atom and R⁴³ is an alkoxy group, a prodrug thereof or a     pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

-   (12) The triazole compound of any of (1) to (5) above, wherein Ar²     is a phenyl group, R⁴ is a hydrogen atom and R⁵ is —N(R³⁰)(R³¹)     wherein R³⁰ and R³¹ are joined to form

and X₃ is —CO—, a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

-   (13) The triazole compound of (12) above, wherein X₄ is —O—, a     prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. -   (14) The triazole compound of (1) above, which is -   3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-benzamide, -   {3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzoyl}morpholine     hydrochloride, -   3-chloro-N-methyl-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide     hydrochloride, -   3-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide     hydrochloride, -   3-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-chloro-N-isopropyl-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   {3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-4H[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzoyl}piperidine     hydrochloride, -   {3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzoyl}-(4-hydroxy)piperidine, -   N-carbamoylmethyl-3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-benzamide     hydrochloride, -   N-(2-acetylamino)ethyl-3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide     hydrochloride, -   3-chloro-N-(2-methoxy)ethyl-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide     hydrochloride, -   1-acetyl-(4-{3-Chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzoyl}piperazine     hydrochloride, -   3-chloro-N-(2-dimethylamino)ethyl-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl)ethylbenzamide, -   4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-3-methoxybenzamide, -   3-chloro-4-{4-methyl-5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   3-chloro-N-methyl-4-{4-methyl-5-[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)cyclopropyl]-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   4-[4-isopropyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-thiophen-2-yl)cyclopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   4-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   4-chloro-3-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   4-chloro-3-{5-[1-phenylcyclopropyl]-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   3-chloro-4-[4-ethyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-chloro-4-{4-ethyl-5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   3-[4-isopropyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-{5-[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   N-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}-1-morpholinecarboxamide, -   3-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-1,1-dimethylurea, -   {3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-phenyl}urea, -   ethyl     N-{3-Chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-carbamate, -   N-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}-1-(4-methoxypiperidine)carboxamide, -   N-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}-1-(3-hydroxypiperidine)carboxamide, -   N-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}-1-(4-hydroxypiperidine)carboxamide, -   1-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-3-methoxyurea, -   1-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}-3-hydroxy-3-methylurea, -   1-(3-chloro-4-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)-3-methoxyurea, -   1-(4-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)-3-methoxyurea, -   1-(3-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)-3-methoxyurea, -   3-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-phenyl}oxazolidin-2-one, -   1-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}imidazolidin-2-one, -   3-(3-chloro-4-{5-[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one, -   3-(4-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one, -   3-(4-chloro-3-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one, -   3-(3-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one, -   methyl     N-(4-chloro-3-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)carbamate,     a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. -   (15) The triazole compound of (1) above, which is -   3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-benzamide, -   {3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzoyl}morpholine     hydrochloride, -   3-chloro-N-methyl-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide     hydrochloride, -   3-chloro-N,N-dimethyl-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide     hydrochloride, -   3-chloro-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-chloro-N-isopropyl-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   {3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-4H[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzoyl}piperidine     hydrochloride, -   {3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzoyl}-(4-hydroxy)piperidine, -   N-carbamoylmethyl-3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-benzamide     hydrochloride, -   N-(2-acetylamino)ethyl-3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide     hydrochloride, -   3-chloro-N-(2-methoxy)ethyl-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide     hydrochloride, -   1-acetyl-(4-{3-Chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzoyl}piperazine     hydrochloride, -   3-chloro-N-(2-dimethylamino)ethyl-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-N-(2-morpholin-4-yl)ethylbenzamide, -   4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-3-methoxybenzamide, -   3-chloro-4-{4-methyl-5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   3-chloro-N-methyl-4-{4-methyl-5-[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)cyclopropyl]-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   4-[4-isopropyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-thiophen-2-yl)cyclopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   4-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   4-chloro-3-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   4-chloro-3-{5-[1-phenylcyclopropyl]-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   3-chloro-4-[4-ethyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-chloro-4-{4-ethyl-5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   3-[4-isopropyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]benzamide, -   3-{5-[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}benzamide, -   a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. -   (16) The triazole compound of (1) above, which is -   N-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}-1-morpholinecarboxamide, -   3-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-1,1-dimethylurea, -   {3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-phenyl}urea, -   ethyl     N-{3-Chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenyl-cyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-carbamate, -   N-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}-1-(4-methoxypiperidine)carboxamide, -   N-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}-1-(3-hydroxypiperidine)carboxamide, -   N-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}-1-(4-hydroxypiperidine)carboxamide, -   1-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-phenyl}-3-methoxyurea, -   1-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}-3-hydroxy-3-methylurea, -   1-(3-chloro-4-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)-3-methoxyurea, -   1-(4-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)-3-methoxyurea, -   1-(3-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)-3-methoxyurea,     a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. -   (17) The triazole compound of (1) above, which is -   3-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-phenyl}oxazolidin-2-one, -   1-{3-chloro-4-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]phenyl}imidazolidin-2-one, -   3-(3-chloro-4-{5-[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one, -   3-(4-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one, -   3-(4-chloro-3-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one, -   3-(3-{5-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopropyl]-4-isopropyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl}phenyl)oxazolidin-2-one,     a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. -   (18) A pharmaceutical composition comprising the triazole compound     of any of (1) to (17) above, a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically     acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. -   (19) An HSD1 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1) inhibitor     comprising the triazole compound of any of (1) to (17) above, a     prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an     effective component. -   (20) A therapeutic or prophylactic drug of diabetes, which comprises     the triazole compound of any of (1) to (17) above, a prodrug thereof     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an effective     component. -   (21) A therapeutic or prophylactic drug of obesity, which comprises     the triazole compound of any of (1) to (17) above, a prodrug thereof     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an effective     component. -   (22) A therapeutic or prophylactic drug of metabolic syndrome, which     comprises the triazole compound of any of (1) to (17) above, a     prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an     effective component. -   (23) A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of diabetes, which     comprises administering an effective amount of the triazole compound     of any of (1) to (17) above, a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically     acceptable salt thereof to a mammal. -   (24) A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of obesity, which     comprises administering an effective amount of the triazole compound     of any of (1) to (17) above, a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically     acceptable salt thereof to a mammal. -   (25) A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of metabolic     syndrome, which comprises administering an effective amount of the     triazole compound of any of (1) to (17) above, a prodrug thereof or     a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a mammal. -   (26) The method of (23) above, wherein a different therapeutic drug     of diabetes is used in combination. -   (27) The method of (26) above, wherein the different therapeutic     drug of diabetes is one or more pharmaceutical agents selected from     the group consisting of an insulin preparation, a sulfonylurea, an     insulin secretagogue, a sulfonamide, a biguanide, an α-glucosidase     inhibitor and an insulin sensitizer. -   (28) The method of (27) above, wherein the different therapeutic     drug of diabetes is one or more pharmaceutical agents selected from     the group consisting of insulin, glibenclamide, tolbutamide,     glyclopyramide, acetohexamide, glimepiride, tolazamide, gliclazide,     nateglinide, glybuzole, metformin hydrochloride, buformine     hydrochloride, voglibose, acarbose and pioglitazone hydrochloride. -   (29) The method of (24) above, wherein a different therapeutic drug     of diabetes is used in combination. -   (30) The method of (29) above, wherein the different therapeutic     drug of diabetes is one or more pharmaceutical agents selected from     the group consisting of an insulin preparation, a sulfonylurea, an     insulin secretagogue, a sulfonamide, a biguanide, an α-glucosidase     inhibitor and an insulin sensitizer. -   (31) The method of (30) above, wherein the different therapeutic     drug of diabetes is one or more pharmaceutical agents selected from     the group consisting of insulin, glibenclamide, tolbutamide,     glyclopyramide, acetohexamide, glimepiride, tolazamide, gliclazide,     nateglinide, glybuzole, metformin hydrochloride, buformine     hydrochloride, voglibose, acarbose and pioglitazone hydrochloride. -   (32) The method of (25) above, wherein a different therapeutic drug     of diabetes is used in combination. -   (33) The method of (32) above, wherein the different therapeutic     drug of diabetes is one or more pharmaceutical agents selected from     the group consisting of an insulin preparation, a sulfonylurea, an     insulin secretagogue, a sulfonamide, a biguanide, an α-glucosidase     inhibitor and an insulin sensitizer. -   (34) The method of (33) above, wherein the different therapeutic     drug of diabetes is one or more pharmaceutical agents selected from     the group consisting of insulin, glibenclamide, tolbutamide,     glyclopyramide, acetohexamide, glimepiride, tolazamide, gliclazide,     nateglinide, glybuzole, metformin hydrochloride, buformine     hydrochloride, voglibose, acarbose and pioglitazone hydrochloride. -   (35) The method of (23) above, wherein a different therapeutic drug     of obesity is used in combination. -   (36) The method of (35) above, wherein the different therapeutic     drug of obesity is Mazindol. -   (37) The method of (24) above, wherein a different therapeutic drug     of obesity is used in combination. -   (38) The method of (37) above, wherein the different therapeutic     drug of obesity is Mazindol. -   (39) The method of (25) above, wherein a different therapeutic drug     of obesity is used in combination. -   (40) The method of (39) above, wherein the different therapeutic     drug of obesity is Mazindol.

The triazole compound of the present invention shows a markedly enhanced HSD1 inhibitory activity in vivo, which results from improved metabolic resistance.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Respective substituents and moieties used in the present specification are defined in the following.

The “alkyl group” means a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group. Examples thereof include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, tert-pentyl group, 1-ethylpropyl group, hexyl group and the like. It is preferably a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms.

For R¹, preferred are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and isobutyl, and particularly preferred are methyl and isopropyl.

The “cycloalkyl group” means a saturated cyclic alkyl group. Examples thereof include cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group and the like. It is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8, more preferably 3 to 6, carbon atoms.

For R¹, preferred is cyclopropyl.

When R¹ is alkyl, cycloalkyl group as a substituent on alkyl is preferably cyclopropyl.

For Y, preferred are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopentyl, and particularly preferred is cyclopropyl.

For Y₁, preferred are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopentyl, and particularly preferred is cyclopropyl.

The “heterocycloalkyl group” means a saturated 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic group containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom. Examples thereof include tetrahydrofuryl group, tetrahydrothienyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, pyrazolidinyl group, imidazolidinyl group, oxazolidinyl group, thiazolidinyl group, tetrahydropyranyl group, dioxolanyl group, dioxanyl group, piperidinyl group, piperazinyl group, morpholinyl group and the like.

For Y, preferred is piperidinyl.

For Y₂, preferred is dioxolanyl.

The “alkenyl group” means a straight chain or branched chain alkenyl group. Examples thereof include vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, allyl group, 1-methyl-2-propenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 1-pentenyl group, 2-pentenyl group, 1-hexenyl group, 2-hexenyl group and the like. It is preferably a straight chain or branched chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6, more preferably 2 to 4, carbon atoms.

When R¹ is alkyl, alkenyl group as a substituent on alkyl is preferably vinyl.

The “aryl group” means an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Examples thereof include phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group and the like. It is preferably a phenyl group or naphthyl group.

For Ar¹, Ar², Ar³ and Ar⁴, preferred are phenyl and naphthyl, and particularly preferred is phenyl.

The “heteroaryl group” means a monocyclic or fused 5- to 14-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom. Examples thereof include furyl group, thienyl group, pyrrolyl group, oxazolyl group, isooxazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyridazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, indolyl group, isoindolyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothienyl group, benzoimidazolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, indolizinyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinazolinyl group, cinnolinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, phthalazinyl group, acridinyl group, phenazinyl group, naphthyridinyl group and the like. It is preferably a monocyclic or fused 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocyclic group containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and sulfur atom, which includes furyl group, thienyl group, pyrrolyl group, oxazolyl group, isooxazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyridazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyrazinyl group, indolyl group, isoindolyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothienyl group, benzoimidazolyl group, benzothiazolyl group, benzooxazolyl group and the like.

For Ar¹, preferred are thienyl, pyrrolyl and pyridyl.

For Ar², preferred are thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl and pyridyl, and particularly preferred are thienyl and pyridyl.

For Ar³ and Ar⁴, preferred is pyridyl.

The “halogen atom” means fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom. It is preferably fluorine atom or chlorine atom.

For R² and R³, preferred is fluorine atom. In this case, Ar¹ is particularly preferably phenyl, where only the 4-position of the phenyl is substituted by fluorine atom.

For R⁴ and R⁵, preferred is chlorine atom. In this case, Ar² is particularly preferably phenyl, where at least the 2-position of the phenyl is substituted by chlorine atom.

The “haloalkyl group” means a haloalkyl group wherein the above-defined “alkyl group” is substituted by the above-defined “halogen atom”. Examples thereof include fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, bromomethyl group, chloromethyl group, 1,2-dichloroethyl group, 2,2-dichloroethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group and the like. It is preferably a straight chain or branched chain haloalkyl group having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms, particularly preferably a trifluoromethyl group.

The “alkoxy group” means a straight chain or branched chain alkoxy group. Examples thereof include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, isopropoxy group, butoxy group, isobutoxy group, tert-butoxy group, pentyloxy group, hexyloxy group and the like. It is preferably a straight chain or branched chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms.

For R² and R³, preferred is methoxy.

For R⁴ and R⁵, preferred are methoxy, ethoxy and isopropoxy.

The “haloalkoxy group” means a haloalkoxy group wherein the above-defined “alkoxy group” is substituted by the above-defined “halogen atom”. Examples thereof include fluoromethoxy group, difluoromethoxy group, trifluoromethoxy group, bromomethoxy group, chloromethoxy group, 1,2-dichloroethoxy group, 2,2-dichloroethoxy group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group and the like. It is preferably a straight chain or branched chain haloalkoxy group having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms.

The “alkoxyalkyl group” means an alkoxyalkyl group wherein the above-defined “alkyl group” is substituted by the above-defined “alkoxy group”. Examples thereof include methoxymethyl group, ethoxymethyl group, propoxymethyl group, isopropoxymethyl group, butoxymethyl group, isobutoxymethyl group, tert-butoxymethyl group, 2-methoxyethyl group, pentyloxymethyl group, hexyloxymethyl group and the like. It is preferably an alkoxyalkyl group wherein the alkyl group is a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms and the alkoxy group is a straight chain or branched chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms.

For R²³, R²⁴ and R⁴¹, preferred are methoxymethyl and 2-methoxyethyl.

The “—CO-alkyl” means an alkylcarbonyl group having the above-defined “alkyl group” as the alkyl moiety. Examples thereof include acetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group, isobutyryl group, valeryl group, isovaleryl group, pivaloyl group, pentanoyl group, hexanoyl group and the like. It is preferably an alkylcarbonyl group wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms.

For R⁹, R¹⁰, R²¹, R²², R³³, R³⁴, R³⁸, R³⁹, R⁴⁸ and R⁴⁹, particularly preferred are acetyl, propionyl, butyryl and isobutyryl.

The “—CO—O-alkyl” means an alkyloxycarbonyl group having the above-defined “alkyl group” as the alkyl moiety. Examples thereof include methyloxycarbonyl group, ethyloxycarbonyl group, propyloxycarbonyl group, isopropyloxycarbonyl group, butyloxycarbonyl group, isobutyloxycarbonyl group, sec-butyloxycarbonyl group, tert-butyloxycarbonyl group, pentyloxycarbonyl group, isopentyloxycarbonyl group, neopentyloxycarbonyl group, tert-pentyloxycarbonyl group, 1-ethylpropyloxycarbonyl group, hexyloxycarbonyl group and the like. It is preferably an alkyloxycarbonyl group wherein the “alkyl moiety” is a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms.

For R²¹, R²², R³⁸, R³⁹, R⁴⁸ and R⁴⁹, particularly preferred are methyloxycarbonyl, ethyloxycarbonyl, propyloxycarbonyl, isopropyloxycarbonyl and tert-butyloxycarbonyl.

The “—NH-alkyl” means an alkylamino group having the above-defined “alkyl group” as the alkyl moiety. Examples thereof include methylamino group, ethylamino group, propylamino group, isopropylamino group, butylamino group, isobutylamino group, sec-butylamino group, tert-butylamino group, pentylamino group, isopentylamino group, tert-pentylamino group, hexylamino group and the like. It is preferably an alkylamino group wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms.

For R²⁶, R²⁹, R³² and R⁵², particularly preferred are methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino and isopropylamino.

The “—N(-alkyl)₂” means a dialkylamino group having the above-defined “alkyl group” as the alkyl moiety. Examples thereof include dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, dipropylamino group, diisopropylamino group, dibutylamino group, diisobutylamino group, di(sec-butyl)amino group, di(tert-butyl)amino group, dipentylamino group, diisopentylamino group, di(tert-pentyl)amino group, dihexylamino group, N-ethyl-N-methylamino group, N-methyl-N-propylamino group, N-ethyl-N-propylamino group and the like. It is preferably a dialkylamino group wherein the alkyl moiety is a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms.

For R²⁶, R²⁹, R³² and R⁵², particularly preferred are dimethylamino, diethylamino and N-ethyl-N-methylamino.

The “alkyl” moieties of the “alkylamino group” and “dialkylamino group” are optionally substituted by 1 to 5 substituents each independently selected from halogen atom,

—CF₃, —OH, alkoxy group, haloalkoxy group, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰) (R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each independently hydrogen atom, alkyl group or —CO-alkyl), —CN, —NO₂, cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹ (R¹¹ is —OH, alkoxy group, alkyl group or —N(R¹²)(R¹³) wherein R¹² and R¹³ are each independently hydrogen atom or alkyl group), aryl group and heteroaryl group. Here, the substituent “aryl group” and “heteroaryl group” are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from halogen atom, haloalkyl group, alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH (n=0-3), —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰) (R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently hydrogen atom, alkyl group or —CO-alkyl), —CN, —NO₂, alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹ (R¹¹ is —OH, alkoxy group, alkyl group or —N(R¹²)(R¹³) wherein R¹² and R¹³ are each independently hydrogen atom or alkyl group), aryl group and heteroaryl group.

The “aryl group” and the “heteroaryl group” for R², R³, R⁶, R¹⁴, R¹⁵, R¹⁶, Ar³ and Ar⁴ are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from halogen atom, haloalkyl group, alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH (n=0-3), —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰) (R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each independently hydrogen atom, alkyl group or —CO-alkyl), —CN, —NO₂, alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹ (R¹¹ is —OH, alkoxy group, alkyl group or

—N(R¹²)(R²³) wherein R¹² and R¹³ are each independently hydrogen atom or alkyl group), aryl group and heteroaryl group.

The “cycloalkyl group” and the “heterocycloalkyl group” for Y and Y₁ are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from halogen atom, haloalkyl group, alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH (n=0-3), —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰)(R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each independently hydrogen atom, alkyl group or —CO-alkyl), —CN, —NO₂, alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹ (R¹¹ is —OH, alkoxy group, alkyl group or —N(R¹²)(R¹³) wherein R¹² and R¹³ are each independently hydrogen atom or alkyl group), aryl group and heteroaryl group.

The “alkyl group” and the “alkoxy group” for R⁴ and R⁵, and the “alkoxy group” for R³⁷ are optionally substituted by 1 to 5 substituents each independently selected from halogen atom, —CF₃, —OH, alkoxy group, haloalkoxy group, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰)(R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each independently hydrogen atom, alkyl group or —CO-alkyl), —CN, —NO₂, cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹ (R¹¹ is —OH, alkoxy group, alkyl group or —N(R¹²)(R¹³) wherein R¹² and R¹³ are each independently hydrogen atom or alkyl group), aryl group and heteroaryl group. Here, the substituent “aryl group” and “heteroaryl group” are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from halogen atom, haloalkyl group, alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH (n=0-3), —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰) (R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently hydrogen atom, alkyl group or —CO-alkyl), —CN, —NO₂, alkoxy group, cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹ (R¹¹ is —OH, alkoxy group, alkyl group or —N(R¹²)(R¹³) wherein R¹² and R¹³ are each independently hydrogen atom or alkyl group), aryl group and heteroaryl group.

The above-mentioned substituents “halogen atom”, “haloalkyl group”, “alkyl group”, “alkoxy group”, “haloalkoxy group”, “cycloalkyl group”, “alkenyl group”, “aryl group” and “heteroaryl group” are as defined above.

R⁴ and R⁵ in combination may form —O-alkylene-O—. Here, the “alkylene” means a divalent hydrocarbon. Examples thereof include methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene and the like. It is preferably an alkylene having 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms, particularly preferably methylene.

In the above-mentioned formulas, Z is preferably —(CH(R¹⁴))_(p)— and p is 0; Y is preferably a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group; Ar¹ is preferably a phenyl group; Ar² is preferably a phenyl group; R¹ is preferably an alkyl group; R² is preferably a hydrogen atom; R³ is preferably a halogen atom; R⁴ is preferably a hydrogen atom; R⁵ is preferably —CO—N(R²⁸)(R²⁹) (wherein R²⁸ and R²⁹ are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group) or —N(R³⁰)(R³¹)(wherein R³⁰ is preferably a hydrogen atom and R³¹ is preferably —(CH₂)_(x)—CO—R⁴¹ wherein X is preferably 0 and R⁴¹ is preferably an alkoxy group, or X is preferably 0 and R⁴¹ is preferably —(CH₂)_(s)—N(R⁴²)(R⁴³) wherein s is preferably 0, R⁴² is preferably a hydrogen atom and R⁴³ is preferably an alkoxy group, or R³⁰ and R³¹ are preferably joined to form

wherein X₃ is preferably —CO— and X₄ is preferably —O—).

The “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” may be any salt as long as it forms a non-toxic salt with a triazole compound represented by the above-mentioned formula. For example, it can be obtained by reaction with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid and the like; organic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, methylsulfonic acid, benzylsulfonic acid and the like; inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide and the like; organic bases such as methylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, triethanolamine, ethylenediamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine, guanidine, choline, cinchonine, N-methyl-D-glucamine and the like; or amino acids such as lysin, histidine, arginine, alanine and the like. In the present invention, a water-containing form, a hydrate and a solvate of each compound are also encompassed therein.

In addition, the triazole compound represented by the above-mentioned formula includes various isomers. For example, E form and Z form are present as geometric isomers, and when an asymmetric carbon atom is present, enantiomers and diastereomers are present as stereoisomers based thereon. In some cases, a tautomer may be present. Accordingly, the present invention encompasses all these isomers and mixtures thereof.

The present invention also encompasses prodrugs and metabolites of the triazole compound represented by the formula. A “prodrug” is a derivative of the compound of the present invention, which has a chemically or metabolically decomposable group, which, after being administered to a living organism, restores to its original compound form and exhibit its intrinsic efficacy, and which includes complexes and salts free of a covalent bond. For example, ester derivatives known as prodrugs in the field of pharmaceutical agents can be used.

When the compound of the present invention is used as a pharmaceutical preparation, it is generally admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, diluent, extender, disintegrant, stabilizer, preservative, buffer, emulsifier, fragrance, coloring agent, sweetening agent, thickening agent, corrigent, dissolution aids and other additives known per se, such as water, vegetable oil, alcohols such as ethanol, benzyl alcohol and the like, polyethylene glycol, glycerol triacetate, gelatin, lactose, carbohydrates such as starch and the like, magnesium stearate, talc, lanolin, vaseline and the like, and produced in the form of tablet, pill, powder, granule, suppository, injection, eye drop, liquid, capsule, troche , aerosol, elixir, suspension, emulsion, syrup and the like by a conventional method for systemic or local, oral or parenteral administration.

While the dose of the compound of the present invention varies depending on the age, body weight, symptom, disease to be treated, administration method and the like, it is generally 50 mg to 800 mg for an adult per administration, which is given once to several times a day.

The compound of the present invention can be administered to a mammal (human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, bovine, pig, monkey etc.) as an HSD1 inhibitor, a prophylactic or therapeutic drug of diabetes, a prophylactic or therapeutic drug of diabetic complication (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiac infarction and cerebral infarction based on arteriosclerosis etc.), a prophylactic or therapeutic drug of hyperlipemia, a prophylactic or therapeutic drug of obesity, neurodegenerative disease and the like, or a prophylactic or therapeutic drug of diseases mediated by HSD1.

The compound of the present invention can be administered to a mammal concurrently with other therapeutic drug of diabetes or obesity with the aim of the prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes. In the present invention, the “therapeutic drug of diabetes” encompasses therapeutic drugs of diabetic complications. Furthermore, the compound of the present invention can be administered in combination with other therapeutic drugs of diabetes or obesity to a mammal for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity.

In the case of a combined administration, the compound of the present invention may be administered simultaneously with other therapeutic drugs of diabetes or other therapeutic drugs of obesity (hereinafter to be referred to as a combined pharmaceutical agent) or may be administered at time intervals. In the case of a combined administration, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound of the present invention and a combined pharmaceutical agent can be administered. Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound of the present invention and a pharmaceutical composition containing a combined pharmaceutical agent may be administered separately. The administration routes of respective pharmaceutical compositions may be the same or different.

In the case of a combined administration, the compound of the present invention may be administered at a dose of 50 mg to 800 mg per administration, which is given once to several times a day. In addition, the compound may be administered at a smaller dose. The combined pharmaceutical agent can be administered at a dose generally employed for the prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes or obesity or at a smaller dose than that.

As other therapeutic drug of diabetes to be used for the combined administration, insulin preparation, sulfonylurea, insulin secretagogue, sulfonamide, biguanide, α-glucosidase inhibitor, insulin sensitizer and the like can be mentioned. For example, insulin, glibenclamide, tolbutamide, glyclopyramide, acetohexamide, glimepiride, tolazamide, gliclazide, nateglinide, glybuzole, metformin hydrochloride, buformine hydrochloride, voglibose, acarbose, pioglitazone hydrochloride and the like can be used for combined administration with the compound of the present invention.

As other therapeutic drug of obesity to be used for the combined administration, for example, mazindol can be mentioned.

Now one example of the production method of the triazole compound of the present invention is described in the following, which does not limit the production method of the compound of the present invention. Even in the absence of description in the production method, efficient production can be afforded by introducing, where necessary, a protecting group into a functional group followed by deprotection in a subsequent step, exchanging the order of respective production methods and steps, and the like. The post-reaction treatment can be applied by a typical method by selecting or combining conventional methods as necessary, such as isolation and purification, crystallization, recrystallization, silica gel chromatography, preparative HPLC and the like.

-   Production Method 1: In this production method, a triazole compound,     wherein the atom linked to the 2- or 5-position (where the     substituent Z is linked) of the triazole ring is carbon, is     produced, and the method includes any of the following steps.

wherein each symbol is as defined above, provided that the atom linked to the 2- or 5-position (where the substituent Z is linked) of the triazole ring of the triazole compound to be formed is carbon.

Acylhydrazide (1) synthesized by a known method and thioimidate (2) synthesized by a known method are reacted in a solvent to give triazole (3). As the solvent, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, benzene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, 2,4,6-collidine, acetic acid, water, or a mixed solvent thereof can be mentioned. The reaction temperature is preferably 20° C. −250° C.

When acylhydrazide (1) or thioimidate (2) is a salt, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, pyridine and the like.

Alternatively, triazole (3) can be obtained according to a similar method from thioimidate (4) synthesized by a known method and acylhydrazide (5) synthesized by a known method.

-   Production Method 2: In this production method, a triazole compound,     wherein the atom linked to the 2- or 5-position (where the     substituent Z is linked) of the triazole ring is nitrogen, is     produced, and the method includes the following steps.

wherein each symbol is as defined above, provided that the atom linked to the 2- or 5-position (where the substituent Z is linked) of the triazole ring of the triazole compound to be formed is nitrogen.

Triazole (7) can be obtained by reacting isothiourea (6) synthesized by a known method with acylhydrazide (5) synthesized by a known method in a solvent. As the solvent, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, benzene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, 2,4,6-collidine, acetic acid, water, or a mixed solvent thereof can be mentioned. The reaction temperature is preferably 20° C.-250° C.

When isothiourea (6) or acylhydrazide (5) is a salt, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, pyridine and the like.

The production methods described in this specification are examples of the production methods of the compounds of the present invention, and compounds other than the compounds explained above can be produced by combining conventional methods known in the field of organic synthetic chemistry.

EXAMPLES

The triazole compound represented by the formula of the present invention and the production method thereof are explained in detail in the following by referring to Examples, which are not to be construed as limitative.

Example 1-1 Production of 3′,5′-dichloro-4-(5-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl)-4-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4′]bipyridyl hydrochloride

Methyl 3′,5′-dichloro-N-methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-[1,4′]bipyridinyl-4-imidethiocarboxylate hydroiodide (452 mg) and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-cyclopropane carbohydrazide (178 mg) were suspended in 1,4-dioxane (1.8 ml) and water (0.4 ml), sodium acetate (83 mg) was added and the mixture was heated under reflux overnight. The reaction solution was concentrated and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to dryness. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (chloroform:acetone=1:1). Thereto was added 4N solution of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (0.16 ml) and the mixture was concentrated to dryness to give the title compound (203 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.53-1.69 (4H, m), 1.91-2.08 (4H, m), 3.34-3.62 (5H, m), 3.62 (3H, s), 7.22 (2H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 7.38-7.41 (2H, m), 8.47 (2H, s).

Example 2-1 Production of 1-[4-methyl-5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-4-phenylpiperidine

Methyl N-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-1-imidethiocarboxylate hydroiodide (452 mg) and 1-phenylcyclopropane carbohydrazide (176 mg) were suspended in 1,4-dioxane (2 ml) and water (0.4 ml), sodium acetate (98 mg) was added and the mixture was heated under reflux overnight. The reaction solution was concentrated and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate layer was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to dryness. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (chloroform:acetone=1:1). Thereto was added 4N solution of hydrogen chloride in ethyl acetate (0.25 ml) and the mixture was concentrated to dryness. Acetone was added and insoluble solids were collected by filtration and dried to give the title compound (117 mg).

¹H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 1.50-1.66 (4H, m), 1.76-1.91 (4H, m), 2.70-2.80 (1H, m), 3.19-3.28 (2H, m), 3.43 (3H, s), 3.77 (2H, d, J=12.8 Hz), 7.20-7.39 (10H, m).

Examples 1-2 to 1-161

In the same manner as in Example 1-1, and using other conventional methods as necessary, a triazole compound was produced. The structural formula and property values of each Example compound are shown in the following Table.

Examples 2-2 to 2-99

In the same manner as in Example 2-1, and using other conventional methods as necessary, a triazole compound was produced. The structural formula and property values of each Example compound are shown in the following Table.

Examples Molecular Structure 1H-NMR Ex. 1-1

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.53-1.69 (4H, m), 1.91-2.08 (4H, m), 3.34-3.62 (5H, m), 3.62 (3H, s), 7.22 (2H, d, J = 6.0 Hz), 7.38-7.41 (2H, m), 8.47 (2H, s) Ex. 1-2

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.72-1.82 (4H, m), 1.93-2.12 (4H, m), 2.30-2.39 (2H, m), 2.47-2.58 (2H, m), 2.87-2.98 (2H, m), 3.26-3.38 (4H, m), 3.80-3.87 (2H, m), 6.99-7.04 (1H, m), 7.21-7.26 (2H, m), 7.29-7.42 (3H, m), 7.81-7.86 (1H, m), 8.20-8.23 (1H, m) Ex. 1-3

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.51-1.69 (4H, m), 1.95-2.14 (4H, m), 2.94-3.06 (2H, m), 3.31-3.40 (3H, m), 3.56 (3H, s), 7.15-7.36 (5H, m), 9.14-9.37 (2H, br) Ex. 1-4

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.50-1.77 (5H, m), 1.93-2.05 (4H, m), 2.63-2.73 (1H, m), 3.12-3.20 (1H, m), 3.27-3.33 (1H, m), 3.58 (3H, m), 3.89-3.96 (1H, m), 4.40-4.47 (1H, m), 7.13-7.37 (5H, m) Ex. 1-5

(DMSO-D6) 1.51-1.78 (4H, m), 1.88-2.14 (4H, m), 3.28-3.54 (7H, m) 4.14 (2H, t, J = 5.5 Hz), 7.22-7.42 (5H, m), 8.47 (2H, s) Ex. 1-6

(DMSO-D6) 1.51-1.79 (4H, m), 1.92-2.16 (4H, m), 2.27-2.90 (2H, m), 3.36-3.65 (5H, m), 4.32-4.48 (2H, m), 7.22-7.42 (5H, m), 8.40-8.61 (4H, m) Ex. 1-7

(DMSO-D6) 1.30-1.40 (2H, m), 1.50-1.58 (2H, m), 1.77 (3H, s), 1.82-2.01 (4H, m), 2.92-3.13 (3H, m), 3.26-3.48 (4H, m), 3.69-3.80 (2H, m), 7.04-7.37 (5H, m), 7.98-8.07 (1H, m), 8.43 (2H, s) Ex. 1-8

(CDCl3) 1.40-1.47 (2H, m), 1.60-1.65 (2H, m), 1.84-1.97 (2H, m), 2.18-2.36 (4H, m), 2.77-2.84 (1H, m), 3.32-3.56 (4H, m), 3.65 (3H, s), 3.98-4.08 (2H, m), 7.20-7.32 (5H, m), 8.32 (2H, s) Ex. 1-9

(DMSO-D6) 1.33-1.57 (4H, m), 1.81-2.02 (4H, m), 2.26 (2H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 2.98-3.10 (1H, m), 3.20-3.43 (4H, m), 3.95 (2H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.04-7.37 (5H, m), 8.44 (2H, s) Ex. 1-10

(DMSO-D6) 1.33-1.53 (4H, m), 1.82-2.02 (4H, m), 2.26 (2H, t, J = 8.1 Hz), 2.54 (3H, d, J = 4.4 Hz), 2.95-3.05 (1H, m), 3.28-3.44 (4H, m), 3.97 (2H, t, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.04-7.32 (5H, m), 7.77-7.83 (1H, m), 8.43 (2H, s) Ex. 1-11

(DMSO-D6) 1.36-1.47 (4H, m), 1.50-1.61 (2H, m), 1.62-1.80 (2H, m), 1.94-2.03 (2H, m), 2.10-2.20 (2H, m), 2.78-2.89 (1H, m), 3.39 (3H, s), 4.44-4.57 (1H, m), 6.97-7.03 (2H, m), 7.16-7.40 (5H, m), 7.52-7.59 (1H, m) Ex. 1-12

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.50-1.69 (4H, m), 2.08-2.37 (4H, m), 3.11-3.38 (4H, m), 3.46-3.57 (4H, m), 4.44 (2H, s), 7.15-7.37 (5H, m), 7.57-7.62 (1H, m), 7.77-7.81 (1H, m), 8.01-8.07 (1H, m), 11.6 (1H, brs) Ex. 1-13

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.64-1.76 (4H, m), 1.83-1.93 (4H, m), 2.12-2.23 (2H, m), 2.42-2.55 (2H, m), 2.90-2.99 (1H, m), 3.08 (3H, s), 3.25-3.46 (4H, m), 7.08-7.15 (2H, m), 7.19-7.26 (1H, m), 7.28-7.36 (2H, m), 8.43 (2H, s) Ex. 1-14

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.54-1.76 (4H, m), 1.88-2.16 (5H, m), 2.89-3.03 (2H, m), 3.26-3.41 (1H, m), 3.64 (3H, s), 3.77-3.91 (2H, m), 6.98-7.05 (1H, m), 7.16-7.41 (5H, m), 7.80-7.89 (1H, m), 8.20-8.27 (1H, m) Ex. 1-15

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.50-1.72 (4H, m), 1.86-2.12 (5H, m), 3.27-3.49 (4H, m), 3.62 (3H, s), 7.14-7.39 (5H, m), 8.47 (2H, s) Ex. 1-16

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.91-2.05 (4H, m), 2.42-2.54 (2H, m), 2.62-2.72 (2H, m), 3.07-3.31 (4H, m), 3.23 (3H, s), 3.32-3.46 (5H, m), 7.20-7.54 (5H, m), 8.47 (2H, s), 9.15-9.37 (2H, m) Ex. 1-17

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.94-2.07 (4H, m), 2.02 (3H, s), 2.09-2.30 (2H, m), 2.44-2.53 (2H, m), 3.30 (3H, s), 3.31-3.52 (5H, m), 4.06-4.14 (4H, m), 7.23-7.48 (5H, m), 8.48 (2H, s) Ex. 1-18

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.50-1.70 (4H, m), 3.29 (3H, s), 7.09-7.17 (2H, m), 7.22-7.29 (1H, m), 7.31-7.38 (2H, m), 7.65 (2H, m), 7.91-7.95 (1H, m) Ex. 1-19

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.44-1.64 (4H, m), 3.27 (3H, s), 7.17 (2H, s), 7.19 (2H, s), 7.66 (2H, m), 7.91 (1H, m) Ex. 1-20

(300 MHz, CDCl3), 1.49-1.53 (2H, m), 1.67-1.71 (2H, m), 3.27 (3H, s), 7.15-7.18 (2H, m), 7.21-7.26 (1H, m), 7.30-7.35 (2H, m), 7.77 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.26 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.4 Hz), 8.38 (1H, d, J = 2.3 Hz) Ex. 1-21

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.53-1.57 (2H, m), 1.65-1.69 (2H, m), 2.11 (3H, s), 3.30 (3H, s), 7.13-7.15 (2H, m), 7.24-7.29 (1H, m), 7.33-7.38 (2H, m), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.68 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.4 Hz), 8.06 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz) Ex. 1-22

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.44-1.57 (4H, m), 3.15 (3H, s), 3.19 (3H, s), 7.03-7.07 (2H, m), 7.19-7.35 (4H, m), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 10.35 (1H, s) Ex. 1-23

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.44-1.57 ((4H, m), 3.19 (3H, s), 4.04 (2H, s), 5.75 (1H, brs), 7.05 (2H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.82 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.9 Hz), 8.13 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 10.12 (1H, s) Ex. 1-24

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.44-1.57 (4H, m), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.39 (3H, s), 4.06 (2H, s), 7.05 (2H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.77 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.4 Hz), 8.08 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 10.19 (1H, s) Ex. 1-25

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.53-1.70 (4H, m), 2.89-2.90 (6H, m), 3.30 (3H, s), 4.27 (2H, brs), 7.13-7.17 (2H, m), 7.24-7.37 (3H, m), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 10.24 (1H, brs), 11.84 (1H, s) Ex. 1-26

(300 MHz, CDCl3), 1.43-1.47 (2H, m), 1.65-1.68 (2H, m), 3.23 (3H, s), 3.99 (2H, brs), 6.62 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.3 Hz), 6.75 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.12-7.15 (2H, m), 7.18-7.25 (1H, m), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.27-7.32 (2H, m) Ex. 1-27

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.52-1.56 (2H, m), 1.64-1.68 (2H, m), 2.09 (2H, tt, J = 6.9, 7.8 Hz), 2.56 (2H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 3.29 (3H, s), 3.90 (2H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 7.12 (- 7.15 (2H, m), 7.24-7.29 (1H, m), 7.33-7.38 (2H, m), 7.65 (1H, d, J = 8.6 Hz), 7.80 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.6 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz) Ex. 1-28

(300 MHz, DMSO- D6), 0.92 (3H, t, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.54-1.70 (6H, m), 2.36 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 3.31 (3H, s), 7.13-7.17 (2H, m), 7.24-7.39 (3H, m), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.71 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.4 Hz), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 10.55 (1H, s) Ex. 1-29

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.12 (6H, d, J = 6.9 Hz), 1.43-1.58 (4H, m), 2.57-2.67 (1H, m), 3.18 (3H, s), 7.05 (2H, m), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.63 (1H, dd, J = 2.3, 8.6 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 10.23 (1H, s) Ex. 1-30

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.45-1.60 (4H, m), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.43-2.47 (4H, m), 3.60-3.64 (4H, m), 7.03-7.06 (2H, m), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.57 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.4 Hz), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.94 (1H, s) Ex. 1-31

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.53-1.66 (4H, m), 3.30 (3H, s), 3.47 (4H, br), 3.93 (4H, br), 4.32 (2H, s), 7.13 (2H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.23-7.38 (3H, m), 7.65 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.76 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 11.74 (1H, s) Ex. 1-32

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.15-1.30 (2H, m), 1.41 (9H, s), 1.42-1.55 (4H, m), 1.87-1.91 (2H, m), 2.93 (2H, m), 3.16 (3H, s), 3.49 (1H, m), 3.85-3. 90 (2H, m), 6.29 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 6.66 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.4 Hz), 6.77 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.02-7.05 (2H, m), 7.17-7.34 (4H, m) Ex. 1-33

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.40-1.60 (4H, m), 2.95 (6H, s), 3.18 (3H, s), 7.05 (2H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.60 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.4 Hz), 7.88 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.69 (1H, s) Ex. 1-34

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.53-1.71 (4H, m), 3.32 (3H, s), 7.12-7.59 (10H, m), 10.31 (1H, s) Ex. 1-35

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.40-1.60 (4H, m), 3.18 (3H, s), 6.09 (2H, br.s), 7.03-7.06 (2H, m), 7.19-7.41 (5H, m), 7.89 (1H, br.s), 9.02 (1H, br.s) Ex. 1-36

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.44-1.58 (4H, m), 3.19 (3H, s), 4.10-4.16 (2H, m), 4.46-4.51 (2H, m), 7.06 (2H, m), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.60 (1H, d, 8.4 Hz), 7.67 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.4 Hz), 7.92 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz) Ex. 1-37

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.41-1.55 (4H, m), 3.12-3.18 (2H, m), 3.16 (3H, s), 3.53-3.59 (2H, m), 4.74 (1H, t, J = 5.4 Hz), 6.36 (1H, t, J = 5.7 Hz), 6.66 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.7 Hz), 6.76 (1H, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.03 (2H, d, 7.5 Hz), 7.17-7.34 (4H, m) Ex. 1-38

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.26 (3H, t, J = 6.9 Hz), 1.43-1.57 (4H, m), 3.18 (3H, s), 4.17 (2H, q, J = 6.9 Hz), 7.05 (2H, m), 7.19-7.34 (3H, m), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.54 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.4 Hz), 7.89 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 10.09 (1H, s) Ex. 1-39

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.43-1.58 (4H, m), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.41-3.47 (2H, m), 3.88-3.94 (2H, m), 7.06 (2H, m), 7.19-7.35 (4H, m), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.58 (1H, dd, J = 2.4, 8.4 Hz), 7.97 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz) Ex. 1-40

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.40-1.57 (6H, m), 1.83-1.90 (2H, m) 3.13-3.21 (5H, m), 3.27 (3H, s), 3.40 (1H, m), 3.74-3.79 (2H, m), 7.05 (2H, m), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.57 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.4 Hz), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.92 (1H, s) Ex. 1-41

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.35-1.57 (6H, m), 1. 70 (1H, m), 1.87 (1H, m), 2. 2.81 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 12.9 Hz), 3. 2.99 (1H, m), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.48 (1H, m, 4. 3.74 (1H, m), 3.91 (1H, m), 5. 3.85 (1H, d, 4.2 Hz), 7.05 (2H, m), 6. 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7. 7.40 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8. 7.57 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.4 Hz), 9. 7.86 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.87 (1H, s) Ex. 1-42

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.32-1.57 (6H, m), 1.65-1.80 (2H, m), 3.10-3.18 (2H, m), 3.68 (1H, m), 3.80-3.85 (2H, m), 4.27 (1H, d, J = 4.5 Hz), 7.05 (2H, m), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.40 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.56 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.4 Hz), 7.87 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.92 (1H, s) Ex. 1-43

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.46-1.55 (6H, m), 1.72-1.80 (2H, m), 2.21-2.28 (2H, m), 2.72-2.76 (2H, m), 3.13 (2H, s), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.49 (1H, m), 4.56 (1H, d, J = 4.2 Hz), 7.05 (2H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.74 (1H, J = 1.8, 8.4 Hz), 8.07 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 10.07 (1H, s) Ex. 1-44

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.17-1.21 (1H, m), 1.43-1.58 (5H, m), 1.69-1.73 (2H, m), 2.06-2.25 (2H, m), 2.57-2.61 (1H, m), 2.73-2.77 (1H, m), 3.15 (2H, s), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.62 (1H, m), 4.70 (1H, d, J = 5.4 Hz), 7.06 (2H, m), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.52 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.75 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.4 Hz), 8.05 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 10.08 (1H, s) Ex. 1-45

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.43-1.59 (6H, m), 1.84-1.90 (2H, m), 2.25-2.32 (2H, m), 2.71-2.75 (2H, m), 3.14 (2H, s), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.21 (1H, br), 3.23 (3H, s), 7.05 (2H, m), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.50 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.76 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.4 Hz), 8.07 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz), 10.07 (1H, s) Ex. 1-46

(DMSO-D6) 1.41-1.57 (4H, m), 3.16-3.23 (4H, m), 3.43 (3H, s), 3.70-3.79 (4H, m), 7.00-7.12 (4H, m), 7.17-7.7.32 (3H, m) 7.51-7.79 (2H, m) Ex. 1-47

(400 MHz, CDCl3) 1.40-1.50 (2H, m), 1.60-1.74 (2H, m), 2.22 (3H, s), 3.24 (3H, s), 6.98-7.29 (6H, m), 7.70 (1H, s), 9.24 (1H, d, J = 5.6 Hz) Ex. 1-48

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.48-1.67 (4H, m), 3.13-3.22 (4H, m), 3.44-3.63 (7H, m), 4.81 (2H, br.s), 7.13-7.52 (8H, m), 9.35 (2H, br.s) Ex. 1-49

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.50-1.73 (4H, m), 2.04 (3H, s), 3.23-3.44 (7H, m), 3.55-3.67 (4H, m), 7.01-7.49 (8H, m) Ex. 1-50

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.41-1.59 (4H, m), 2.88 (3H, s), 3.24 (3H, s), 3.20-3.33 (4H, m), 3.40-3.51 (4H, m), 7.00-7.41 (8H, m) Ex. 1-51

(300 MHz, DMSO-6) 1.02 (12H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.52-1.73 (4H, m), 2.92 (1H, septet, J = 6.6 Hz), 3.29-3.48 (7H, m), 3.55-3.76 (4H, m), 7.06-7.59 (8H, m) Ex. 1-52

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.50-1.71 (4H, m), 2.78 (6H, s), 3.19-3.40 (7H, m), 7.02-7.48 (8H, m) Ex. 1-53

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.60 (5H, m), 1.70 (2H, m), 3.28-3.38 (7H, m), 7.08 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.2 Hz), 7.17-7.19 (3H, m), 7.29 (1H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.38 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz) Ex. 1-54

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.43 (2H, m), 1.59 (2H, m), 1.69 (2H, m), 1.80 (2H, m), 3.12 (2H, m), 3.36 (3H, s), 3.73 (4H, m), 7.08-7.48 (8H, m) Ex. 1-55

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.57 (2H, m), 1.70 (2H, m), 3.32 (4H, t, J = 4.8 Hz), 3.37 (3H, s), 3.74 (4H, t, J = 4.8 Hz), 7.12 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.5 Hz), 7.18-7.30 (5H, m), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz) Ex. 1-56

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) -0.93 (3H, d, J = 14.6 Hz), 1.18 (2H, m), 1.54-1.69 (7H, m), 2.86 (2H, m), 3.33 (3H, s), 3.90 (2H, m), 7.07 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 1.8 Hz), 7.14-7.16 (3H, m), 7.28-7.44 (4H, m) Ex. 1-57

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.60 (2H, m), 1.70 (2H, m), 19.8 (4H, quint, J = 3.4 Hz), 3.30 (7H, m), 6.68 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.4 Hz), 6.76 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.18 (2H, m), 7.29 (2H, m), 7.35 (1H, m), 7.43 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz) Ex. 1-58

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.55-1.64 (5H, m), 1.92 (2H, m), 3.02 (2H, m), 3.38 (3H, s), 3.63 (3H, s), 3.89 (2H, m), 7.12 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.4 Hz), 7.19-7.21 (2H, m), 7.31 (2H, m), 7.39 (2H, m), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz) Ex. 1-59

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.42 (2H, m), 1.52 (2H, m), 1.63 (2H, m), 1.90 (2H, m), 2.94 (2H, m), 3.17 (3H, s), 7.00-7.05 (3H, m), 7.11 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.22 (1H, m), 7.29-7.34 (3H, m), 12.21 (1H, brs) Ex. 1-60

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.45 (2H, m), 1.53 (2H, m), 1.64 (2H, m), 1.76 (2H, m), 2.33 (1H, m), 2.57 (3H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 2.84 (2H, m), 3.17 (3H, s), 3.88 (2H, m), 7.00 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.04 (2H, m), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.22 (1H, m), 7.32 (3H, m), 7.74 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz) Ex. 1-61

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.45 (2H, m), 1.53 (2H, m), 1.69 (4H, t, J = 5.6 Hz), 3.30 (3H, s), 3.43 (4H, t, J = 5.6 Hz), 3.92 (4H, s), 7.01-7.05 (3H, m), 7.14 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.22 (1H, tt, J = 7.4, 2.2 Hz), 7.29-7.34 (3H, m) Ex. 1-62

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.55-1.71 (5H, m), 1.92 (2H, m), 3.01 (2H, m), 3.26 (3H, s), 3.34 (3H, s), 3.53 (2H, t, J = 4.8 Hz), 3.86 (2H, m), 4.16 (2H, t, J = 4.6 Hz), 7.10 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.6 Hz), 7.08-7.11 (3H, m), 7.29 (1H, m), 7.37 (2H, m), 7.46 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz) Ex. 1-63

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.34-1.56 (16H, m), 1.78 (2H, m), 2.89 (2H, m), 3.26 (3H, s), 3.80 (2H, m), 6.85 (1H, brs), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.03 (2H, m), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.22 (1H, tt, J = 7.3, 2.2 Hz), 7.30-7.42 (3H, m) Ex. 1-64

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.53-1.68 (6H, m), 1.99 (2H, m), 2.96 (2H, m), 3.25-3.30 (4H, m), 3.98 (2H, m), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.13 (2H, m), 7.21 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.26 (1H, m), 7.39 (2H, m), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 8.29 (2H, brs) Ex. 1-65

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.43-1.48 (4H, m), 1.53 (2H, m), 1.79-1.83 (5H, m), 2.98 (2H, m), 3.30 (3H, s), 3.79-3.83 (3H, m), 7.00-7.05 (3H, m), 7.12 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.22 (1H, m), 7.29-7.34 (3H, m), 7.79 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz) Ex. 1-66

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.38-1.55 (4H, m), 1.64 (2H, m), 1.72-1.88 (2H, m), 2.83 (1H, m), 2.96 (1H, m), 3.30 (3H, s), 3.52-3.70 (4H, m), 7.01 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.4 Hz), 7.09 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 7.11 (2H, m), 7.24 (1H, tt, J = 7.2, 2.1 Hz), 7.32 (2H, m), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 8.9 Hz) Ex. 1-67

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.42-1.59 (4H, m), 3.17 (3H, s), 3.76 (3H, s), 5.14 (2H, s), 6.93-7.51 (12H, m) Ex. 1-68

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.47-1.72 (4H, m), 3.29 (3H, s), 6.93-7.51 (8H, m), 10.74 (1H, br.s) Ex. 1-69

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6) 1.49-1.73 (4H, m), 3.29 (3H, s), 4.59 (2H, s), 6.16 (1H, br.s), 7.08-7.67 (10 H, m) Ex. 1-70

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.51-1.55 (2H, m), 1.62-1.66 (2H, m), 3.28 (3H, s), 7.10-7.13 (2H, m), 7.22-7.27 (1H, m), 7.32-7.37 (2H, m), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz), 8.08 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 7.9 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz) Ex. 1-71

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.51-1.55 (2H, m), 1.62-1.66 (2H, m), 3.30 (3H, s), 3.38 (3H, s), 7.11-7.13 (2H, m), 7.23-7.28 (1H, m), 7.33-7.38 (2H, m), 7.94 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.09 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 8.1 Hz), 8.24 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz) Ex. 1-72

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.51 (2H, m), 1.54-1.60 (2H, m), 3.22 (3H, s), 7.05-7.08 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.30-7.36 (2H, m), 7.74 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.03 (1H, dd, J = 1.4, 8.1 Hz), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 1.4 Hz) Ex. 1-73

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.49 (2H, m), 1.55-1.59 (2H, m), 3.21 (3H, s), 7.05-7.08 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.30-7.35 (2H, m), 7.66 (1H, brs), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.98 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 8.1 Hz), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 8.21 (1H, brs) Ex. 1-74

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.50-1.54 (2H, m), 1.60-1.64 (2H, m), 3.28 (3H, s), 3.37 (2H, brs), 3.63 (6H, brs), 7.09-7.12 (2H, m), 7.22-7.27 (1H, m), 7.32-7.37 (2H, m), 7.57 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 7.8 Hz), 7.70 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.74 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz) Ex. 1-75

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.49-1.54 (2H, m), 1.57-1.63 (2H, m), 2.82 (3H, d, J = 4.5 Hz), 3.25 (3H, s), 7.09-7.11 (2H, m), 7.22-7.27 (1H, m), 7.32-7.37 (2H, m), 7.72 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.96 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.1 Hz), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 8.74 (1H, q, J = 4.5 Hz) Ex. 1-76

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.44-1.47 (2H, m), 1.53-1.57 (2H, m), 3.17 (3H, s), 3.85 (3H, s), 7.04-7.10 (3H, m), 7.19-7.25 (2H, m), 7.30-7.35 (2H, m), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz) Ex. 1-77

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.50-1.54 (2H, m), 1.61-1.64 (2H, m), 2.94 (3H, s), 3.01 (3H, s), 3.28 (3H, s), 7.09-7.12 (2H, m), 7.22-7.27 (1H, m), 7.32-7.37 (2H, m), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.72 (1H, s) Ex. 1-78

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.49 (2H, m), 1.55-1.59 (2H, m), 3.21 (3H, s), 3.35 (2H, dt, J = 5.8, 5.8 Hz), 3.53 (2H, dt, J = 5.8, 5.8 Hz), 4.74 (1H, t, J = 5.8 Hz), 7.06-7.08 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.31-7.35 (2H, m), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.96 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 8.1 Hz), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz), 8.70 (1H, t, J = 5.8 Hz) Ex. 1-79

(300 MHz, DMSO-6), 1.18 (6H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.45-1.51 (2H, m), 1.54-1.59 (2H, m), 3.20 (3H, s), 4.11 (1H, m), 7.06-7.08 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.30-7.36 (2H, m), 7.68 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.95 (1H, dd, J = 1.7, 8.1 Hz), 8.09 (1H, d, J = 1.7 Hz), 8.48 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz) Ex. 1-80

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.50-1.64 (10H, m), 3.28 (5H, brs), 3.60 (2H, brs), 7.09-7.12 (2H, m), 7.22-7.27 (1H, m), 7.32-7.37 (2H, m), 7.52 (1H, dd, J = 1.4, 7.8 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz) Ex. 1-81

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.40 (2H, brs), 1.45-1.51 (2H, m), 1.54-1.59 (2H, m), 1.76 (2H, brs), 3.22 (5H, brs), 3.48 (1H, brs), 3.75 (1H, m), 3.98 (1H, brs), 4.79 (1H, d, J = 4.2 Hz), 7.05-7.07 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.30-7.35 (2H, m), 7.50 (1H, dd, J = 1.6, 7.6 Hz), 7.64 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.66 (1H, d, J = 1.6 Hz) Ex. 1-82

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.51 (2H, m), 1.54-1.59 (2H, m), 3.21 (3H, s), 3.84 (2H, d, J = 5.7 Hz), 7.06-7.09 (3H, m), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.31-7.36 (2H, m), 7.42 (1H, brs), 7.71 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.98 (1H, dd, J = 1.8, 8.0 Hz), 8.14 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.96 (1H, t, J = 5.7 Hz) Ex. 1-83

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.52-1.56 (2H, m), 1.59-1.64 (2H, m), 3.27 (3H, s), 4.14 (2H, m), 7.10-7.13 (2H, m), 7.22-7.27 (1H, m), 7.32-7.37 (2H, m), 7.78 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 8.04 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.0 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 9.42 (1H, t, J = 6.3 Hz) Ex. 1-84

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.50-1.55 (2H, m), 1.58-1.64 (2H, m), 1.91 (3H, s), 3.21-3.34 (4H, m), 3.26 (3H, s), 7.10-7.12 (2H, m), 7.22-7.27 (1H, m), 7.32-7.37 (2H, m), 7.74 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.96-8.00 (2H, m), 8.11 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.82 (1H, t, J = 6.2 Hz) Ex. 1-85

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.49-1.55 (2H, m), 1.58-1.63 (2H, m), 3.25 (3H, s), 3.27 (3H, s), 3.42-3.50 (4H, m), 7.09-7.11 (2H, m), 7.22-7.27 (1H, m), 7.32-7.37 (2H, m), 7.73 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.99 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 7.8 Hz), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 8.82 (1H, brs) Ex. 1-86

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.51-1.57 (2H, m), 1.60-1.66 (2H, m), 2.03 (3H, s), 3.20-3.70 (8H, m), 3.29 (3H, s), 7.10-7.12 (2H, m), 7.23-7.27 (1H, m), 7.32-7.37 (2H, m), 7.58 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.0 Hz), 7.72 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.76 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz) Ex. 1-87

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.45-1.50 (2H, m), 1.54-1.59 (2H, m), 2.18 (6H, s), 2.41 (2H, t, J = 6.4 Hz), 3.21 (3H, s), 3.38 (2H, dt, J = 6.4, 6.4 Hz), 7.05-7.08 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.30-7.35 (2H, m), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.94 (1H, dd, J = 1.9, 7.8 Hz), 8.08 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 8.65 (1H, t, 6.4 Hz) Ex. 1-88

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.51 (2H, m), 1.54-1.59 (2H, m), 2.40-2.43 (4H, m), 2.48-2.51 (2H, m), 3.21 (3H, s), 3.41 (2H, dt, J = 5.9, 5.9 Hz), 3.55-3.59 (4H, m), 7.06-7.08 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.31-7.35 (2H, m), 7.70 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.94 (1H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.0 Hz), 8.07 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 8.68 (1H, t, J = 5.9 Hz) Ex. 1-89

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.56 (2H, m), 1.66 (2H, m) 3.02 (6H, s), 3.32 (3H, s), 6.83 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.6 Hz), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.15 (2H, m), 7.27 (1H, m), 7.37 (1H, t, 7.4 Hz), 7.42 (1H, d, 8.8 Hz) Ex. 1-90

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.57 (2H, m), 1.66 (2H, m), 3.30 (4H, t, J = 4.9 Hz), 3.32 (3H, s) 3.74 (4H, t, J = 4.9 Hz), 7.09 (1H, dd, J = 8.8, 2.6 Hz), 7.14-7.37 (6H, m), 7.48 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz) Ex. 1-91

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.57 (2H, m), 1.691 (2H, m), 3.34 (3H, s), 3.85 (3H, s), 7.17 (2H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.26-7.31 (2H, m), 7.38 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.56 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz) Ex. 1-92

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.57 (2H, m), 1.68 (2H, m), 3.31 (3H, s), 7.15 (2H, m), 7.27 (1H, tt, J = 7.4, 2.2 Hz), 7.36 (2H, m), 7.50 (1H, m), 7.74-7.80 (2H, m) Ex. 1-93

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.52 (2H, m), 1.58 (2H, m), 3.27 (3H, s), 7.09-7.12 (2H, m), 7.25 (1H, m), 7.32-7.35 (2H, m), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.08 (1H, dd, J = 8.1, 2.2 Hz), 8.41 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz) Ex. 1-94

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.56 (2H, m), 1.74 (2H, m), 3.40 (3H, s), 5.20 (2H, brs), 6.74 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.2 Hz), 6.93 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 7.25-7.38 (6H, m) Ex. 1-95

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.53 (2H, m), 1.62 (2H, m), 3.36 (3H, d, J = 1.5 Hz), 7.13-7.16 (2H, m), 7.25 (1H, tt, J = 7.4, 2.8 Hz), 7.31-7.37 (2H, m), 7.53 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 3.4 Hz), 7.69-7.76 (2H, m) Ex. 1-96

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.49-1.55 (2H, m), 1.58-1.63 (2H, m), 3.30 (3H, s), 7.10-7.13 (2H, m), 7.22-7.27 (1H, m), 7.32-7.37 (2H, m), 7.71 (1H, d, J = 4.5 Hz), 8.75 (1H, d, J = 4.5 Hz), 8.90 (1H, s) Ex. 1-97

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.50 (2H, m), 1.54-1.58 (2H, m), 3.26 (3H, s), 7.06-7.09 (2H, m), 7.20-7.25 (1H, m), 7.30-7.35 (2H, m), 7.79 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz), 8.17 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz) Ex. 1-98

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.56-1.72 (4H, m), 3.86 (3H, s), 7.13-7.18 (2H, m), 7.23-7.37 (3H, m), 7.57-7.62 (1H, m), 8.03-8.10 (1H, m), 8.15-8.21 (1H, m), 8.72-8.76 (1H, m) Ex. 1-99

Ex. 1-100

Ex. 1-101

Ex. 1-102

Ex. 1-103

Ex. 1-104

Ex. 1-105

Ex. 1-106

Ex. 1-107

Ex. 1-108

Ex. 1-109

Ex. 1-110

Ex. 1-111

Ex. 1-112

Ex. 1-113

Ex. 1-114

Ex. 1-115

Ex. 1-116

Ex. 1-117

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.46-1.48 (2H, m), 1.51-1.61 (2H, m), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.71 (3H, s), 7.04-7.09 (2H, m), 7.22-7.26 (1H, m), 7.31-7.34 (2H, m), 7.44-7.50 (1H, m), 7.74 (1H, dd, J = 8.6, 2.1 Hz), 7.97-8.03 (1H, m), 9.34 (1H, s), 9.82 (1H, s). Ex. 1-118

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.46-1.47 (2H, m), 1.52-1.56 (2H, m), 3.32 (3H, s), 4.14 (2H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 4.49 (2H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.11-7.17 (4H, m), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.67 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 1.9 Hz), 7.92 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz). Ex. 1-119

Ex. 1-120

Ex. 1-121

Ex. 1-122

Ex. 1-123

Ex. 1-124

Ex. 1-125

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.42-1.56 (4H, m), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.82 (3H, s), 7.02-7.06 (2H, m), 7.19-7.35 (3H, m), 7.50-7.59 (4H, m), 8.10 (1H, s). Ex. 1-126

Ex. 1-127

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.44-1.58 (4H, m), 3.22 (3H, s), 7.10-7.19 (4H, m), 7.67-7.69 (2H, m), 7.96-7.99 (1H, m), 8.11-8.11 (1H, m), 8.21 (1H, s). Ex. 1-128

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.45-1.57 (4H, m), 2.81 (3H, d, J = 4.6 Hz), 3.15 (3H, s), 7.12-7.15 (4H, m), 7.67-7.69 (1H, m), 7.92-7.94 (1H, m), 8.05-8.06 (1H, m), 8.70 (1H, q, J = 4.6 Hz). Ex. 1-129

Ex. 1-130

Ex. 1-131

Ex. 1-132

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 0.94 (6H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.46-1.60 (4H, m), 4.52 (1H, septet. J = 7.0 Hz), 7.13-7.35 (5H, m), 7.48 (1H, s), 7.59 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.98 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 8.09 (1H, s). Ex. 1-133

Ex. 1-134

Ex. 1-135

Ex. 1-136

Ex. 1-137

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.45-1.46 (2H, m), 1.51-1.55 (2H, m), 3.01 (3H, s), 3.19 (3H, s), 7.03-7.14 (2H, m), 7.17-7.20 (1H, m), 7.31 (2H, t, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.43-7.46 (1H, m), 7.76 (1H, dd, J = 8.3, 1.9 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 9.43 (1H, s), 9.90 (1H, s). Ex. 1-138

Ex. 1-139

Ex. 1-140

Ex. 1-141

Ex. 1-142

Ex. 1-143

Ex. 1-144

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.47-1.70 (4H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 6.85-6.95 (2H, m), 7.37-7.38 (1H, m), 7.65-7.67 (2H, m), 7.94-7.98 (1H, m), 8.10-8.11 (1H, m), 8.22 (1H, s). Ex. 1-145

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.02 (6H, J = 7.0 Hz)), 1.48-1.56 (4H, m), 4.53 (1H, septet. J = 7.0 Hz), 7.14-7.21 (4H, m), 7.50 (1H, s), 7.57-7.60 (2H, m), 7.98-8.01 (2H, m), 8.10 (1H, s). Ex. 1-146

Ex. 1-147

Ex. 1-148

Ex. 1-149

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 0.98 (6H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.45-1.47 (2H, m), 1.50-1.58 (2H, m), 4.11-4.14 (2H, m), 4.45-4.56 (3H, m), 7.12-7.23 (4H, m), 7.51 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.65 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz). Ex. 1-150

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.44-1.50 (2H, m), 1.52-1.58 (2H, m), 3.13 (3H, s), 3.70 (3H, s), 7.11-7.16 (4H, m), 7.567.57 (1H, m), 7.65 (2H, dd, J = 7.2, 2.6 Hz), 10.01 (1H, s). Ex. 1-151

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.45-1.47 (2H, m), 1.51-1.58 (2H, m), 3.21 (3H, s), 4.09 (2H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 4.46 (2H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.10-7.18 (4H, m), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 7.78 (2H, dt, J = 14.7, 5.1 Hz). Ex. 1-152

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.42-1.45 (2H, m), 1.52-1.55 (2H, m), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.64 (3H, s), 7.09-7.19 (4H, m), 7.45 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.74 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.2 Hz), 8.00 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 9.32 (1H, s), 9.83 (1H, s). Ex. 1-153

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 0.98 (6H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.44-1.46 (2H, m), 1.49-1.57 (2H, m), 3.64 (3H, s), 4.50 (1H, sept, J = 7.0 Hz ), 7.09-7.17 (4H, m), 7.36 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.72 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 9.09 (1H, s), 9.63 (1H, s). Ex. 1-154

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.00 (6H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.44-1.51 (2H, m), 1.53-1.59 (2H, m), 4.04-4.10 (2H, m), 4.50 (1H, sept, J = 7.0 Hz), 7.12-7.25 (5H, m), 7.53 (1H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.65-7.68 (1H, m), 7.78 (1H, t, J = 1.8 Hz). Ex. 1-155

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 0.99 (6H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.45-1.46 (2H, m), 1.56-1.58 (2H, m), 3.61 (3H, s), 4.51 (1H, sept, J = 7.0 Hz), 7.08 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.14-7.18 (4H, m), 7.38 (1H, t, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.71 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.78 (1H, t, J = 1.9 Hz), 9.06 (1H, s), 9.59 (1H, s). Ex. 1-156

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.44-1.57 (4H, m), 3.24 (3H, s, 7.14-7.17 (4H, m), 7.56 (1H, s), 7.76-7.79 (1H, m), 8.05-8.13 (3H, m). Ex. 1-157

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.47-1.58 (4H, m), 2.99 (3H, s), 7.06-7.07 (2H, m), 7.21-7.23 (1H, m), 7.32-7.34 (2H, m), 7.58-7.62 (1H, m), 7.77-7.78 (1H, m), 8.07-8.08 (2H, m), 8.15 (1H, s). Ex. 1-158

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 0.73 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.48-1.59 (4H, m), 3.66 (2H, q, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.19-7.28 (5H, m), 7.68-7.70 (2H, m), 7.95-7.97 (1H, m), 8.10-8.10 (1H, m), 8.22 (1H, s). Ex. 1-159

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 0.73 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.50-1.54 (4H, m), 3.63 (2H, q, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.14-7.22 (4H, m), 7.66-7.69 (2H, m), 7.95-7.97 (1H, m), 8.10-8.10 (1H, m), 8.21 (1H, s). Ex. 1-160

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 1.00 (6H, d, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.47-1.59 (4H, m), 4.51 (1H, q, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.19-7.28 (5H, m), 7.49 (1H, s), 7.59-7.65 (2H, m), 8.02-8.05 (3H, m). Ex. 1-161

(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 0.97 (6H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.46-1.58 (4H, m), 4.52 (1H, q, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.13-7.22 (4H, m), 7.49 (1H, s), 7.60-7.63 (2H, m), 7.97-8.08 (3H, m). Ex. 2-1

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.50-1.66 (4H, m), 1.76-1.91 (4H, m), 2.70-2.80 (1H, m), 3.19-3.28 (2H, m), 3.43 (3H, s), 3.77 (2H, d, J = 12.8 Hz), 7.20-7.39 (10H, m) Ex. 2-2

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.48-1.60 (4H, m), 2.07-2.15 (2H, m), 2.51-2.55 (5H, m), 3.19 (2H, t, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.57 (2H, brd, J = 13.7 Hz), 3.64 (3H, s), 7.15-7.40 (10H, m) Ex. 2-3

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.34-1.48 (4H, m), 1.96-2.06 (2H, m), 2.50 (2H, m), 2.99 (2H, t, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.22 (3H, s), 3.31 (2H, brd, J = 12.5 Hz), 7.03-7.45 (10H, m) Ex. 2-4

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.37-1.50 (4H, m), 1.67-1.77 (2H, m), 1.88-1.93 (2H, m), 2.55-2.62 (1H, m), 2.89-2.95 (2H, m), 3.22 (3H, s), 3.33-3.37 (2H, m), 3.62 (3H, s), 7.04-7.31 (5H, m) Ex. 2-5

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.32-1.46 (4H, m), 1.62-1.75 (2H, m), 1.86-1.91 (2H, m), 2.37-2.46 (1H, m), 2.79-2.88 (2H, m), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.23-3.30 (2H, m), 7.02-7.32 (5H, m), 12.2 (1H, br.s) Ex. 2-6

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.21-1.57 (7H, m), 1.68-1.75 (2H, m), 2.75 (2H, dt, J = 2.4, 12.0 Hz), 3.17 (3H, s), 3.24-3.37 (4H, m), 4.49 (1H, t, J = 5.2 Hz), 7.00-7.04 (2H, m), 7.16-7.21 (1H, m), 7.26-7.31 (2H, m) Ex. 2-7

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.35-1.64 (14H, m), 1.98-2.05 (2H, m), 2.99-3.07 (2H, m), 3.08 (3H, s), 3.26-3.32 (2H, m), 7.10-7.28 (5H, m) Ex. 2-8

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.48-1.62 (4H, m), 1.68-1.79 (2H, m), 1.99-2.07 (2H, m), 3.09-3.18 (2H, m), 3.25-3.38 (4H, m), 3.61-3.68 (2H, m), 7.17-7.36 (5H, m), 8.39 (2H, brs) Ex. 2-9

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.33-1.60 (6H, m), 1.75-1.85 (5H, m), 2.81-2.91 (2H, m), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.24-3.35 (2H, m), 3.65-3.77 (1H, m), 7.01-7.07 (2H, m), 7.16-7.24 (1H, m), 7.26-7.34 (2H, m), 7.85 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz) Ex. 2-10

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.33-1.46 (4H, m), 1.59-1.73 (2H, m), 1.86-1.97 (2H, m), 2.92 (2H, t, J = 10.6 Hz), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.27-3.37 (2H, m), 3.88-3.97 (1H, m), 7.00-7.68 (8H, m), 8.52 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz) Ex. 2-11

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.33-1.47 (14H, m), 1.54-1.64 (2H, m), 1.85 (2H, m), 2.70 (3H, s), 2.85 (2H, m), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.29-3.40 (2H, m), 7.01-7.06 (2H, m), 7.16-7.23 (1H, m), 7.27-7.34 (2H, m) Ex. 2-12

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.48-1.64 (4H, m), 1.71-1.83 (2H, m), 2.09-2.18 (2H, m), 2.49-2.53 (3H, m), 3.04-3.27 (3H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 3.65-3.72 (2H, m), 7.17-7.37 (5H, m), 9.45 (2H, brs) Ex. 2-13

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 120° C., 1.30-1.47 (4H, m), 1.55-1.63 (2H, m), 1.80-1.96 (2H, m), 2.01 (3H, s), 2.79 (3H, s), 2.88-3.00 (2H, m), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.31-3.39 (2H, m), 7.05-7.10 (2H, m), 7.15-7.21 (1H, m), 7.25-7.31 (2H, m), Ex. 2-14

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.45-1.71 (10H, m), 3.27-3.41 (7H, m), 7.16-7.39 (5H, m) Ex. 2-15

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.48-1.73 (6H, m), 1.86-1.96 (2H, m), 2.61-2.73 (1H, m), 3.07-3.18 (2H, m), 3.38 (3H, s), 3.68 (2H, m), 7.18-7.39 (5H, m) Ex. 2-16

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.32-1.46 (4H, m), 1.62-180 (4H, m), 2.21-2.30 (1H, m), 2.72-2.82 (2H, m), 3.17 (3H, s), 3.27-3.31 (2H, m), 6.76 (1H, bs), 7.00-7.05 (2H, m), 7.17-7.20 (1H, m), 7.25-7.31 (3H, m) Ex. 2-17

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.30-1.45 (4H, m), 1.93-2.22 (4H, m), 2.83 (2H, t, J = 10.1 Hz), 3.09-3.20 (5H, m), 3.38 (2H, d, J = 5.5 Hz), 4.66 (1H, t, J = 5.3 Hz), 6.97-7.04 (2H, m), 7.15-7.43 (3H, m) Ex. 2-18

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.32-1.46 (4H, m), 1.66-1.77 (4H, m), 2.20-2.31 (1H, m), 2.57 (3H, d, J = 4.8 Hz), 2.72-2.82 (2H, m), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.26-3.34 (2H, m), 7.00-7.06 (2H, m), 7.16-7.23 (1H, m), 7.26-7.33 (2H, m), 7.72 (1H, d, J = 4.4 Hz) Ex. 2-19

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.31-1.47 (4H, m), 1.64-1.75 (4H, m), 2.75-2.92 (6H, m), 3.04 (3H, s), 3.18 (3H, s), 3.26-3.34 (5H, s), 7.01-7.06 (2H, m), 7.16-7.22 (1H, m), 7.26-7.33 (2H, m) Ex. 2-20

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.47-1.64 (4H, m), 3.28-3.35 (4H, m), 3.40 (3H, s), 3.71-3.78 (4H, m), 7.17-7.39 (5H, m) Ex. 2-21

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.47-1.63 (4H, m), 2.74-2.81 (4H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 3.51-3.58 (4H, m), 7.17-7.39 (5H m) Ex. 2-22

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.47-1.65 (4H, m), 3.33-3.44 (7H, m), 3.68-3.76 (4H, m), 7.17-7.39 (5H, m) Ex. 2-23

300 Hz, DMSO-d6, 1.48-1.65 (4H, m), 2.83-2.93 (2H, m), 3.04-3.16 (2H, m), 3.42 (3H, s), 3.49-3.60 (2H, m), 3.78-3.90 (2H, m), 7.18-7.40 (5H, m) Ex. 2-24

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.49-1.63 (4H, m), 3.00 (2H, t, J = 5.7 Hz), 3.48 (3H, s), 3.66 (2H, t, J = 5.8 Hz), 4.61 (2H, s), 7.15-7.37 (9H, m) Ex. 2-25

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.48-1.72 (4H, m), 1.95-2.05 (2H, m), 2.83 (2H, t, J = 6.4 Hz), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.67 (2H, t, J = 5.5 Hz), 6.49-6.55 (1H, m), 6.86-7.40 (8H, m) Ex. 2-26

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.49-1.64 (4H, m), 3.24 (4H, m), 3.39 (3H, s), 3.53-3.57 (4H, m), 7.18-7.36 (5H, m), 9.70 (1H, brs) Ex. 2-27

300 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.48-1.63 (4H, m), 2.05 (3H, s), 3.24-3.41 (7H, m), 3.57-3.63 (4H, m), 7.17-7.38 (5H, m) Ex. 2-28

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.49-1.63 (4H, m), 1.85-1.95 (2H, m), 2.10-2.17 (2H, m), 3.33-3.40 (2H, m), 3.40 (3H, s), 3.52-3.59 (2H, m), 5.35-5.37 (1H, m), 7.19-7.38 (5H, m), 8.20 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 8.22 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz) Ex. 2-29

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.49-1.61 (4H, m), 1.85-1.95 (2H, m), 2.08-2.16 (2H, m), 3.16-3.32 (2H, m), 3.32 (3H, s), 3.47-3.55 (2H, m), 5.31-5.33 (1H, m), 7.20-7.23 (2H, m), 7.37-7.40 (2H, m), 8.19 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 8.22 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz) Ex. 2-30

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.47-1.62 (4H, m), 1.81-1.91 (2H, m), 2.03-2.13 (2H, m), 3.32-3.40 (2H, m), 3.39 (3H, s), 3.50-3.59 (2H, m), 4.76-4.80 (1H, m), 6.95-7.00 (1H, m), 7.16-7.47 (8H, m) Ex. 2-31

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.47-1.62 (4H, m), 1.84-1.95 (2H, m), 2.05-2.21 (2H, m), 3.32-3.43 (2H, m), 3.41 (3H, s), 3.49-3.60 (2H, m), 5.33-5.35 (1H, m), 7.14-7.22 (2H, m), 7.26-7.33 (2H, m), 8.20 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz), 8.22 (1H, d, J = 2.6 Hz) Ex. 2-32

(300 MHz, CDCl3), 1.35-1.58 (4H, m), 1.63-1.79 (2H, m), 1.97-2.05 (2H, m), 2.96-3.05 (2H, m), 3.20 (3H, s), 3.30-3.37 (2H, m), 3.85-3.91 (1H, m), 7.12-7.31 (5H, m) Ex. 2-33

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.48-1.67 (4H, m), 1.72-1.85 (2H, m), 1.89-2.00 (2H, m), 3.17-3.27 (2H, m), 3.40 (3H, s), 3.61-3.71 (2H, m), 4.15 (1H, brs), 6.46-6.48 (1H, m), 7.18-7.38 (5H, m), 7.83 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.04 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz) Ex. 2-34

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.27-1.83 (9H, m), 2.56 (2H, d, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.95-3.04 (2H, m), 3.34 (3H, s), 3.55-3.62 (2H, m), 7.15-7.35 (5H, m), Ex. 2-35

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.63 (4H, m), 1.73-1.87 (2H, m), 2.02-2.14 (2H, m), 3.25-3.37 (2H, m), 3.39 (3H, s), 3.50-3.61 (2H, m), 4.66-4.68 (1H, m), 7.01-7.08 (2H, m), 7.19-7.38 (7H, m) Ex. 2-36

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.62 (4H, m), 1.78-1.91 (2H, m), 2.01-2.13 (2H, m), 3.24-3.36 (2H, m), 3.38 (3H, s), 3.47-3.58 (2H, m), 4.72-4.74 (1H, m), 7.15-7.49 (8H, m) Ex. 2-37

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.67 (4H, m), 1.87-2.03 (2H, m), 2.09-2.22 (2H, m), 3.33-3.46 (2H, m), 3.40 (3H, s), 3.49-3.60 (2H, m), 5.46-5.48 (1H, m), 7.18-7.40 (5H, m), 8.41-8.43 (1H, m), 8.57-8.59 (1H, m) Ex. 2-38

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.47-1.63 (4H, m), 1.83-1.97 (2H, m), 2.07-2.18 (2H, m), 3.30-3.42 (2H, m), 3.40 (3H, s), 3.49-3.59 (2H, m), 5.37-5.39 (1H, m), 7.03-7.07 (1H, m), 7.17-7.40 (5H, m), 7.92-7.94 (1H, m), 8.14-8.16 (1H, m) Ex. 2-39

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.47-1.63 (4H, m), 1.77-1.92 (2H, m), 2.06-2.19 (2H, m), 3.26-3.41 (2H, m), 3.39 (3H, s), 3.50-3.61 (2H, m), 5.21-5.23 (1H, m), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 9.6 Hz), 7.17-7.39 (5H, m), 7.82 (1H, dd, J = 3 Hz, 8.7 Hz), 8.22 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz) Ex. 2-40

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.31-1.50 (4H, m), 1.62-1.73 (2H, m), 2.04-2.18 (2H, m), 3.11-3.35 (4H, m), 3.23 (3H, s), 5.04 (1H, s), 7.03-7.06 (2H, m), 7.17-7.38 (5H, m), 7.49-7.56 (2H, m) Ex. 2-41

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.66 (4H, m), 1.74-1.86 (2H, m), 1.90-2.07 (2H, m), 2.81 (3H, s), 3.11-3.24 (2H, m), 3.42 (3H, s), 3.67-3.78 (2H, m), 3.87-3.89 (1H, m), 7.19-7.40 (5H, m), 8.02 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz), 8.24 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz) Ex. 2-42

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.45-1.64 (4H, m), 2.06-2.13 (4H, m), 2.93 (3H, s), 3.41 (3H, s), 3.43-2.56 (4H, m), 7.16-7.46 (10H, m) Ex. 2-43

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.45-1.70 (6H, m), 1.90-2.01 (2H, m), 3.11-3.23 (2H, m), 3.28 (3H, s), 3.37 (3H, s), 3.40-3.52 (3H, m), 7.15-7.39 (5H, m) Ex. 2-44

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.31-1.49 (4H, m), 1.70-1.88 (2H, m), 2.02-2.15 (2H, m), 2.97-3.08 (2H, m), 3.21 (3H, s), 3.24-3.36 (2H, m), 4.66-4.77 (1H, m), 7.01-7.35 (7H, m), 7.88 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz) Ex. 2-45

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.31-1.49 (4H, m), 1.71-1.87 (2H, m), 2.00-2.12 (2H, m), 2.96-3.15 (2H, m), 3.21 (3H, s), 3.23-3.36 (2H, m), 4.62-4.73 (1H, m), 7.02-7.58 (9H, m) Ex. 2-46

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.31-1.48 (4H, m), 1.73-1.89 (2H, m), 1.95-2.09 (2H, m), 2.97-3.07 (2H, m), 3.20 (3H, s), 3.26-3.37 (2H, m), 4.67-4.76 (1H, m), 6.96-7.64 (9H, m) Ex. 2-47

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.45-1.65 (4H, m), 1.75-1.90 (2H, m), 2.03-2.18 (2H, m), 3.25-3.58 (4H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 3.82 (3H, s), 4.76-4.86 (1H, m), 7.10-7.38 (7H, m), 7.92 (2H, d, J = 9.0 Hz) Ex. 2-48

(300 MHz, CDCl3), 1.38-1.60 (4H, m), 2.64 (4H, t, J = 6.3 Hz), 3.28 (3H, s), 3.49 (4H, t, J = 6.3 Hz), 7.15-7.32 (5H, m) Ex. 2-49

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.45-1.61 (4H, m), 1.74-1.89 (2H, m), 2.03-2.16 (2H, m), 3.26-3.59 (4H, m), 3.38 (3H, s), 3.85 (3H, s), 4.72-4.82 (1H, m), 7.15-7.60 (9H, m) Ex. 2-50

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.44-1.64 (4H, m), 1.79-1.94 (2H, m), 1.97-2.12 (2H, m), 3.28-3.41 (2H, m), 3.39 (3H, s), 3.47-3.59 (2H, m), 3.81 (3H, s), 4.81-4.90 (1H, m), 7.00-7.71 (9H, m) Ex. 2-51

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.45-1.65 (4H, m), 1.71-1.85 (2H, m), 2.00-2.11 (2H, m), 3.24-3.33 (2H, m), 3.38 (3H, s), 3.50-3.58 (2H, m), 4.57-4.63 (1H, m), 6.99-7.38 (9H, m) Ex. 2-52

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.45-1.62 (4H, m), 1.74-1.88 (2H, m), 2.04-2.17 (2H, m), 3.26-3.34 (2H, m), 3.38 (3H, s), 3.49-3.58 (2H, m), 4.80-4.86 (1H, m), 7.15-7.38 (7H, m), 7.77 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz) Ex. 2-53

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 0.94 (3H, d, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.15-1.34 (2H, m), 1.47-1.73 (5H, m), 3.02-3.09 (2H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 3.58-3.63 (2H, m), 7.18-7.37 (5H, m) Ex. 2-54

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.64 (4H, m), 1.73-1.89 (2H, m), 2.02-2.14 (2H, m), 3.26-3.36 (2H, m), 3.39 (3H, s), 3.49-3.60 (2H, m), 4.47 (2H, s), 4.62-4.70 (1H, m) 6.83-6.98 (3H, m), 7.17-7.39 (6H, m) Ex. 2-55

(300 MHz, CDCl3), 1.32-1.40 (2H, m), 1.54-1.63 (2H, m), 1.87-2.01 (2H, m), 2.04-2.17 (2H, m), 3.04-3.15 (2H, m), 3.22 (3H, s), 3.34-3.47 (2H, m), 4.54-4.64 (1H, m), 7.07-7.44 (11H, m) Ex. 2-56

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.64 (4H, m), 1.74-1.89 (2H, m), 2.02-2.17 (2H, m), 2.77 (3H, d, J = 4.5 Hz), 3.25-3.37 (2H, m), 3.40 (3H, s), 3.49-3.62 (2H, m), 4.70-4.79 (1H, m), 7.12-7.47 (9H, m), 8.40-8.47 (1H, m) Ex. 2-57

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.47-1.66 (4H, m), 1.74-1.88 (2H, m), 2.01-2.16 (2H, m), 2.88-3.00 (6H, m), 3.29-3.39 (2H, m), 3.41 (3H, s), 3.51-3.63 (2H, m), 4.69-4.79 (1H, m) 6.91-7.40 (9H, m) Ex. 2-58

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 0.99 (6H, s), 1.39-1.64 (8H, m), 3.30-3.41 (4H, m), 3.38 (3H, s), 7.16-7.40 (5H, m) Ex. 2-59

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.18 (3H, s), 1.44-1.71 (8H, m), 3.31-3.39 (4H, m), 3.36 (3H, s), 7.14-7.39 (5H, m) Ex. 2-60

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 0.98 (6H, s), 1.41-1.62 (8H, m), 3.28-3.35 (4H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 7.13-7.30 (4H, m) Ex. 2-61

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.21-1.82 (11H, m), 2.96-3.08 (2H, m), 3.35 (3H, s), 3.47 (2H, t, J = 6.6 Hz), 3.52-3.62 (2H, m), 7.14-7.38 (5H, m) Ex. 2-62

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.46-1.65 (4H, m), 1.73-1.88 (2H, m), 2.01-2.16 (2H, m), 3.26-3.36 (2H, m), 3.40 (3H, s), 3.49-3.61 (2H, m) 3.86 (3H, s), 4.71-4.79 (1H, m), 7.17-7.51 (8H, m) Ex. 2-63

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.32-1.49 (4H, m), 1.70-1.85 (2H, m), 2.00-2.10 (2H, m), 2.96-3.08 (2H, m), 3.21 (3H, s), 3.23-3.36 (2H, m), 4.50 (2H, d, J = 6.0 Hz), 4.54-4.64 (1H, m) 5.36 (1H, t, J = 5.7 Hz), 6.88-7.38 (8H, m) Ex. 2-64

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.31-1.49 (4H, m), 1.69-1.85 (2H, m), 1.97-2.10 (2H, m), 2.97-3.08 (2H, m), 3.20 (3H, s), 3.23-3.34 (2H, m), 4.60-4.71 (1H, m), 7.00-7.48 (8H, m) Ex. 2-65

(300 MHz, DMSO- D6) 0.87 (6H, J = 6.9 Hz), 1.26-1.78 (9H, m), 2.96-3.08 (2H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 3.60-3.71 (2H, m), 7.15-7.40 (5H, m) Ex. 2-66

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.32-1.48 (4H, m), 1.68-1.84 (2H, m), 1.97-2.10 (2H, m), 2.96-3.07 (2H, m), 3.20 (3H, s), 3.24-3.36 (2H, m), 4.58-4.70 (1H, m), 7.01-7.38 (8H, m), 7.54 (1H, brs), 7.82 (1H, brs) Ex. 2-67

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.22 (3H, s), 1.45-1.70 (6H, m), 2.01-2.16 (2H, m), 3.07-3.19 (2H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 3.40-3.51 (2H, m), 3.67 (3H, s), 7.15-7.39 (5H, m) Ex. 2-68

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 0.93 (3H, s), 1.29-1.38 (2H, m), 1.46-1.67 (6H, m), 3.21 (2H, s), 3.22-3.31 (2H, m), 3.34-3.44 (2H, m), 3.36 (3H, s), 7.18-7.34 (5H, m) Ex. 2-69

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.17 (3H, s), 1.33-1.57 (6H, m), 1.99-2.07 (2H, m), 2.83-2.92 (2H, m), 3.11-3.19 (2H, m), 3.18 (3H, s), 6.99-7.04 (2H, m), 7.17-7.22 (1H, m), 7.25-7.31 (2H, m), 12.36 (1H, brs) Ex. 2-70

(400 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.12 (3H, s), 1.30-1.54 (6H, m), 1.98-2.12 (2H, m), 2.84-2.93 (2H, m), 3.03-3.10 (2H, m), 3.16 (3H, s), 6.90 (1H, brs), 6.97-7.03 (2H, m), 7.15-7.23 (2H, m), 7.24-7.32 (2H, m) Ex. 2-71

(DMSO-D6) 0.65 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.39-1.63 (6H, m), 1.83-1.95 (2H, m), 2.06-2.19 (2H, m), 3.27-3.37 (2H, m), 3.44-3.55 (2H, m), 3.77 (2H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 5.27-5.35 (1H, m), 7.21-7.38 (5H, m), 8.18-8.23 (2H, m) Ex. 2-72

(DMSO-D6) 1.44-1.68 (4H, m), 1.81-1.98 (2H, m), 2.04-2.19 (2H, m), 3.06 (3H, s), 3.24-3.636H, m), 3.44-3.55 (2H, m), 3.77 (2H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 4.04 (2H, t, J = 5.9 Hz), 5.25-5.38 (1H, m), 7.14-7.42 (5H, m), 8.16-8.27 (2H, m) Ex. 2-73

(DMSO-D6) 1.42-1.63 (4H, m), 1.79-1.92 (2H, m), 2.01-2.16 (2H, m), 3.26-3.41 (5H, m), 3.50-3.68 (2H, m), 4.77-4.83 (1H, m), 7.15-7.42 (7H, m), 7.57-7.62 (1H, m) Ex. 2-74

(DMSO-D6) 1.47-1.59 (2H, m), 1.63-1.77 (2H, m), 2.07-2.18 (2H, m), 3.34-3.45 (2H, m), 3.56-3.67 (4H, m), 3.90-4.00 (2H, m), 5.29-5.38 (1H, m), 7.17-7.39 (5H, m), 8.20-8.27 (2H, m) Ex. 2-75

(DMSO-D6) 1.43-1.66 (4H, m), 1.80-1.94 (2H, m), 2.01-2.17 (2H, m), 3.28-3.40 (2H, m), 3.49-3.59 (2H, m), 4.43-4.57 (2H, m), 5.02-5.18 (2H, m), 5.27-5.36 (1H, m), 5.57-5.71 (1H, m), 7.18-7.19 (5H, m), 8.18-8.26 (2H, m) Ex. 2-76

(DMSO-D6) 0.05-0.06 (2H, m), 0.32-0.41 (2H, m), 0.97-1.10 (1H, m), 1.50-1.6684H, m), 1.88-1.96 (2H, m), 2.07-2.19 (2H, m), 3.26-3.40 (2H, m), 3.48-3.57 (2H, m) 3.77 (2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 5.26-5.33 (1H, m), 7.21-7.40 (5H, m), 8.16-8.26 (2H, m) Ex. 2-77

(DMSO-D6) 0.59 (6H, d, J = 6.7 Hz), 1.48-1.65 (4H, m), 1.79-1.95 (2H, m), 2.00-2.15 (3H, m), 3.23-3.35 (2H, m), 3.38-3.53 (2H, m), 3.66 (2H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 5.26-5.37 (1H, m), 7.12-7.40 (5H, m), 8.18-8.23 (2H, m) Ex. 2-78

(DMSO-D6) 0.88-1.16 (4H, m), 1.46-1.73 (4H, m), 1.83-2.00 (2H, m), 2.08-2.11 (2H, m), 2.60-2.72 (1H, m), 3.20-3.90 (4H, m), 5.29-5.40 (1H, m), 7.21-7.40 (5H, m), 8.19-8.26 (2H, m) Ex. 2-79

(DMSO-D6) 1.00 (3H, t, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.33-1.49 (4H, m), 1.79-1.92 (2H, m), 2.03-2.12 (2H, m), 3.22-3.34 (2H, m), 3.66 (2H, q, J = 7.2 Hz), 5.21-5.30 (1H, m), 7.05-7.33 (5H, m), 8.15-8.23 (2H, m) Ex. 2-80

(DMSO-D6) 1.28 (6H, d, J = 5.7 Hz), 1.50-1.66 (4H, m), 1.82-1.97 (2H, m), 2.03-2.18 (2H, m), 3.07-3.19 (2H, m), 3.26-3.38 (2H, m), 4.43 (1H, septet, J = 5.7 Hz), 5.24-5.35 (1H, m), 7.12-7.40 (5H, m), 8.18-8.23 (2H, m) Ex. 2-81

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.67-1.81 (4H, m), 1.83-1.94 (2H, m), 2.05-2.17 (2H, m), 2.19-2.28 (2H, m), 2.41-2.52 (2H, m), 3.12 (3H, s) 3.29-3.39 (2H, m), 3.44-3.55 (2H, m), 5.27-5.29 (1H, m), 7.22-7.33 (3H, m), 7.35-7.42 (2H, m), 2.19 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 3.8.21 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz) Ex. 2-82

8.23 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 8.20 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.15 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.10 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz), 5.33 (1H, m), 3.59-3.48 (2H, m), 3.42-3.31 (2H, m), 3.39 (3H, s), 2.27 (3H, s), 2.18-2.07 (2H, m), 1.96-1.83 (2H, m), 1.61-1.55 (2H, m), 1.48-1.42 (2H, m) Ex. 2-83

8.23 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 8.20 (1H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 7.20 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.91 (2H, d, J = 8.8 Hz), 5.34 (1H, m), 3.74 (3H, s), 3.61-3.51 (2H, m), 3.43 (3H, s), 3.42-3.32 (2H, m), 2.19-2.07 (2H, m), 1.96-1.82 (2H, m), 1.61-1.55 (2H, m), 1.47-1.41 (2H, m) Ex. 2-84

(300 MHz, DMSO-D6), 1.47-1.63 (4H, m), 3.26-4.55 (8H, m), 3.37 (3H, s), 4.49 (2H, s), 7.11-7.39 (5H, m), 7.59 (1H, dd, J = 8.4, 2.2 Hz), 7.78 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.01 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 11.8 (1H, brs) Ex. 2-85

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.28-1.53 (4H, m), 3.05-3.16 (4H, m), 3.18-3.28 (4H, m), 3.24 (3H, s), 7.01-7.11 (3H, m), 7.18-7.23 (2H, m), 7.27-7.35 (3H, m), 7.41-7.47 (1H, m) Ex. 2-86

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.47-1.68 (4H, m), 1.82-2.20 (4H, m), 3.28-3.39 (2H, m), 3.42 (3H, s), 3.62-3.79 (2H, m), 4.70-4.84 (1H, m), 7.18-7.43 (5H, m), 8.65 (2H, s) Ex. 2-87

400 MHz, DMSO-d6, 1.26-1.48 (4H, m), 2.57-2.67 (4H, m), 2.98-3.05 (4H, m), 3.19 (3H, s), 3.75 (2H, s), 6.98-7.06 (2H, m), 7.17-7.41 (4H, m), 7.46-7.51 (2H, m) Ex. 2-88

(300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 1.47 (2H, m), 1.74 (2H, m), 1.81-1.89 (2H, m), 1.99-2.11 (2H, m), 3.23-3.30 (3H, m), 3.40-3.48 (5H, m), 7.49 (1H, dd, J = 8.2, 2.4 Hz), 7.64 (1H, d, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.86 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 8.21 (2H, dd, J = 8.2, 2.0 Hz) Ex. 2-89

Ex. 2-90

Ex. 2-91

Ex. 2-92

Ex. 2-93

Ex. 2-94

Ex. 2-95

Ex. 2-96

Ex. 2-97

Ex. 2-98

Ex. 2-99

Experimental Example In Vitro HSD1 (Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1) Activity Inhibitory Action

The HSD1 inhibitory activity was examined by quantitative determination by an SPA (scintillation proximity assay) system of the suppressive action on the conversion from cortisone to cortisol using human HSD1 (hereinafter recombinant HSD1) expressed using a baculo-virus system as an enzyme source. For the reaction, a reagent was added to a 96 well plate (96 well Opti-plates™-96 (Packard)) to the following final concentration and a volume of 100 μl was reacted at room temperature for 90 min. The reaction solution used was 0.1 μg/ml recombinant HSD1, 500 μM NADPH, 16 nM ³H cortisone (Amersham Biosciences, 1.78 Tbq/mol) dissolved in 0.1% BSA (Sigma)-containing PBS and the test drug was 2 μl of a compound solution (dissolved in DMSO). After 90 min, the reaction was stopped by adding PBS (40 μl, containing 0.1% BSA (Sigma)) containing 0.08 μg of anti-cortisol mouse monoclonal antibody (East Coast Biologics), 365 μg SPA PVT mouse antibody-binding beads (Amersham Biosciences) and 175 μM carbenoxolone (Sigma) to the reaction solution. After the completion of the reaction, the plate was incubated overnight at room temperature and the radioactivity was measured by Topcount (Packard). For control, the value (0% inhibition) of the well containing 2 μl of DMSO instead of the test drug was used, and for positive control, the value (100% inhibition) of the well containing carbenoxolone instead of the test drug at the final concentration of 50 μM was used. The inhibition (%) of the test drug was calculated by ((value of control−value of test drug)/(value of control−value of positive control))×100 (%). The IC₅₀ value was analyzed using a computer-based curve fitting soft. The obtained results are shown in the following Table.

Examples hHSD1 IC₅₀ Ex. 1-1 + Ex. 1-2 ++ Ex. 1-4 + Ex. 1-5 ++ Ex. 1-6 + Ex. 1-7 + Ex. 1-8 ++ Ex. 1-10 + Ex. 1-11 + Ex. 1-12 + Ex. 1-13 ++ Ex. 1-14 ++ Ex. 1-15 ++ Ex. 1-16 + Ex. 1-18 ++ Ex. 1-19 ++ Ex. 1-20 ++ Ex. 1-21 ++ Ex. 1-22 ++ Ex. 1-23 ++ Ex. 1-24 ++ Ex. 1-25 ++ Ex. 1-26 ++ Ex. 1-27 + Ex. 1-28 ++ Ex. 1-29 ++ Ex. 1-30 ++ Ex. 1-31 ++ Ex. 1-32 ++ Ex. 1-33 + Ex. 1-34 ++ Ex. 1-35 ++ Ex. 1-36 ++ Ex. 1-38 ++ Ex. 1-39 ++ Ex. 1-40 + Ex. 1-41 + Ex. 1-42 + Ex. 1-43 + Ex. 1-44 + Ex. 1-45 + Ex. 1-46 + Ex. 1-47 ++ Ex. 1-48 + Ex. 1-49 ++ Ex. 1-50 ++ Ex. 1-51 ++ Ex. 1-52 ++ Ex. 1-53 ++ Ex. 1-54 ++ Ex. 1-55 ++ Ex. 1-56 ++ Ex. 1-57 ++ Ex. 1-58 ++ Ex. 1-59 + Ex. 1-60 ++ Ex. 1-61 + Ex. 1-62 ++ Ex. 1-63 ++ Ex. 1-64 + Ex. 1-65 ++ Ex. 1-66 ++ Ex. 1-67 ++ Ex. 1-68 ++ Ex. 1-69 ++ Ex. 1-70 ++ Ex. 1-71 ++ Ex. 1-72 + Ex. 1-73 ++ Ex. 1-74 + Ex. 1-75 ++ Ex. 1-76 ++ Ex. 1-77 + Ex. 1-78 + Ex. 1-79 + Ex. 1-80 + Ex. 1-81 + Ex. 1-82 ++ Ex. 1-83 + Ex. 1-84 + Ex. 1-85 + Ex. 1-87 + Ex. 1-88 + Ex. 1-89 ++ Ex. 1-90 ++ Ex. 1-91 ++ Ex. 1-92 ++ Ex. 1-93 ++ Ex. 1-94 + Ex. 1-95 ++ Ex. 1-96 ++ Ex. 1-97 + Ex. 1-98 + Ex. 1-99 + Ex. 1-100 ++ Ex. 1-101 ++ Ex. 1-102 ++ Ex. 1-103 ++ Ex. 1-104 + Ex. 1-105 ++ Ex. 1-106 ++ Ex. 1-107 ++ Ex. 1-108 ++ Ex. 1-109 ++ Ex. 1-110 ++ Ex. 1-111 + Ex. 1-112 ++ Ex. 1-113 ++ Ex. 1-114 ++ Ex. 1-115 ++ Ex. 1-116 ++ Ex. 1-117 ++ Ex. 1-118 ++ Ex. 1-119 ++ Ex. 1-120 ++ Ex. 1-121 ++ Ex. 1-122 ++ Ex. 1-123 ++ Ex. 1-124 + Ex. 1-125 ++ Ex. 1-126 + Ex. 1-127 ++ Ex. 1-128 ++ Ex. 1-129 ++ Ex. 1-130 + Ex. 1-131 ++ Ex. 1-132 ++ Ex. 1-134 ++ Ex. 1-137 ++ Ex. 1-144 ++ Ex. 1-145 ++ Ex. 1-149 ++ Ex. 1-150 ++ Ex. 1-152 ++ Ex. 1-153 ++ Ex. 1-154 ++ Ex. 1-158 ++ Ex. 1-159 ++ Ex. 1-160 ++ Ex. 1-161 ++ Ex. 2-1 ++ Ex. 2-2 + Ex. 2-4 + Ex. 2-5 + Ex. 2-6 ++ Ex. 2-7 + Ex. 2-8 + Ex. 2-9 + Ex. 2-10 + Ex. 2-11 + Ex. 2-12 + Ex. 2-13 + Ex. 2-14 ++ Ex. 2-15 ++ Ex. 2-16 ++ Ex. 2-17 + Ex. 2-18 + Ex. 2-19 + Ex. 2-20 ++ Ex. 2-21 ++ Ex. 2-22 + Ex. 2-23 + Ex. 2-24 ++ Ex. 2-25 ++ Ex. 2-26 + Ex. 2-27 + Ex. 2-28 ++ Ex. 2-29 + Ex. 2-30 ++ Ex. 2-31 ++ Ex. 2-32 ++ Ex. 2-33 + Ex. 2-34 + Ex. 2-35 ++ Ex. 2-36 ++ Ex. 2-37 + Ex. 2-38 ++ Ex. 2-39 ++ Ex. 2-40 + Ex. 2-41 + Ex. 2-42 + Ex. 2-43 + Ex. 2-44 + Ex. 2-45 + Ex. 2-46 + Ex. 2-47 + Ex. 2-48 ++ Ex. 2-49 ++ Ex. 2-50 + Ex. 2-51 ++ Ex. 2-52 ++ Ex. 2-53 ++ Ex. 2-54 + Ex. 2-55 + Ex. 2-56 + Ex. 2-57 + Ex. 2-58 ++ Ex. 2-59 ++ Ex. 2-60 ++ Ex. 2-61 ++ Ex. 2-62 + Ex. 2-63 + Ex. 2-64 + Ex. 2-65 ++ Ex. 2-66 + Ex. 2-67 ++ Ex. 2-68 ++ Ex. 2-69 + Ex. 2-70 ++ Ex. 2-71 + Ex. 2-72 + Ex. 2-73 ++ Ex. 2-74 + Ex. 2-75 ++ Ex. 2-76 ++ Ex. 2-77 + Ex. 2-78 ++ Ex. 2-79 ++ Ex. 2-80 ++ Ex. 2-81 ++ Ex. 2-82 + Ex. 2-83 + Ex. 2-84 + Ex. 2-85 ++ Ex. 2-86 + Ex. 2-87 + Ex. 2-88 + Ex. 2-89 + Ex. 2-90 + Ex. 2-91 ++ Ex. 2-92 ++ Ex. 2-93 ++ Ex. 2-94 ++ Ex. 2-95 ++ Ex. 2-96 ++

In the above Table, “+” in the column of IC₅₀ means 10 nM≦IC₅₀<1,000 nM and “++” in the column of IC₅₀ means IC₅₀<10 nM.

In the same manner as in Example 1-1 or 2-1, and using other conventional methods as necessary, the triazole compounds shown in the following Table can be also produced.

Compound No. Molecular Structure R 1-1001

1-1002

1-1003

1-1004

1-1005

1-1006

1-1007

1-1008

1-1009

1-1010

1-1011

1-1012

1-1013

1-1014

1-1015

1-1016

1-1017

1-1018

1-1019

1-1020

1-1021

1-1022

1-1023

1-1024

1-1025

1-1026

1-1027

1-1028

1-1029

1-1030

1-1031

1-1032

1-1033

1-1034

2-1001

2-1002

2-1003

H 2-1004

—CH₃ 2-1005

2-1006

2-1007

2-1008

2-1009

H 2-1010

—CH₃ 2-1011

2-1012

2-1013

2-1014

2-1015

H 2-1016

—CH₃ 2-1017

2-1018

2-1019

2-1020

As mentioned above, the triazole compound of the present invention has superior HSD1 inhibitory activity and is useful as an HSD1 inhibitor, a therapeutic drug of diabetes or a therapeutic drug of obesity. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for the treatment of diabetes, which comprises administering to a mammal an effective amount of a triazole compound of the following formula:

wherein R¹ is an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group wherein the alkyl group and the cycloalkyl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 5 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, —CF₃, —OH, —NH₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —COOH, —CO—O-alkyl, —CO—N(R⁷)(R⁸), —N(R⁷)—CO—R⁸, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group wherein R⁷ and R⁸ are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group wherein n is 0-3, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or —CO-alkyl, and R¹¹ is —OH, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group or —N(R¹²)(R¹³) wherein R¹² and R¹³ are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; Y is a cycloalkyl group or a heterocycloalkyl group wherein the cycloalkyl group and the heterocycloalkyl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above); Ar¹ is an aryl group or a heteroaryl group; R² and R³ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above); Z is —(CH(R¹⁴))_(p)—, —(CH(R¹⁴))_(p)—N(R¹⁶)—(CH(R¹⁵))_(q)— or

wherein Y, is a cycloalkyl group or a heterocycloalkyl group wherein the cycloalkyl group and the heterocycloalkyl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above), p is 0-3, q is 0-3, R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above), and R¹⁶ is a hydrogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —(CH₂)_(n)—CO—R¹¹, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above); Ar² is an aryl group, a heteroaryl group or

wherein X₁ is —(CH₂)_(t)— wherein t is 0-2, V₁ is ═CH— or ═N—, and W₁ is —C(R¹⁷)(R¹⁸)—, —O—, —S—, —SO₂—, —SO—, —CO— or —N(R¹⁹)— wherein R¹⁷ and R¹⁸ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group, —(CH₂)_(r)—OH, —CO—R²⁰, —N(R²¹)(R²²) or -L₁-Ar³ wherein r is 0-3, R²⁰ is —OH, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group or —N(R²⁹)(R²⁴)  wherein R²³ and R²⁴ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, an alkoxyalkyl group, or in combination form

 wherein s is 0-3, X₂ is —O—, —(CH₂)_(t)— or —N(R²⁵)—  wherein t is as defined above and R²⁵ is a hydrogen atom, —CO—R²⁶, —SO₂—R²⁶ or —(CH₂)_(u)—Ar²  wherein R²⁶ is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, —NH-alkyl or —N(-alkyl)₂, u is 0-3, and Ar⁴ is an aryl group or a heteroaryl group wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above), L₁ is —(CH₂)_(v)—, —O— or —CO— wherein v is 0-3, and Ar³ is an aryl group or a heteroaryl group wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above), and R²¹ and R²² are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, —CO-alkyl, —CO—O-alkyl or -L₁-Ar³ (L₁ and Ar³ are as defined above), and R¹⁹ is a hydrogen atom, —CO—R²⁶, —SO₂—R²⁶ or —(CH₂)_(u)—Ar⁴ (R²⁶, u and Ar⁴ are as defined above); and R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, —OH, —NO₂, —CN, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, —CO—R²⁷, —SO₂—R²⁷, —CO—N(R²⁸)(R²⁹) or —N(R³⁰)(R³¹) wherein the alkyl group and the alkoxy group are optionally substituted by 1 to 5 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, —CF₃, —OH, an alkoxy group, a haloalkoxy group, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above), wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above) R²⁷ is —OH, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, —NH₂, —NH-alkyl or —N(-alkyl)₂, R²⁸ and R²⁹ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or —(CH₂)_(w)—R³², wherein w is 0-3 and R³² is —OH, —CF₃, an alkoxy group, —CONH₂ or —N(R³³)(R³⁴)  wherein R³³ and R³⁴ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, —CO-alkyl, or in combination form

 (X₂ is as defined above) or R²⁸ and R²⁹ in combination form

wherein X₃ is —CO—, —CH₂— or —CH₂—CH₂—, X₄ is —O—, —(CH₂)_(t)—, —N(R²⁵)— or

 wherein Y₂ is cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl and t and R²⁵ are as defined above, and R³⁵ and R³⁶ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group optionally substituted by —OH, —OH, —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R³⁷, —N(R³⁸)(R³⁹)  wherein R³⁷ is —OH, an alkoxy group, —NH₂,  —NH-alkyl, —N(-alkyl)₂ or

 (X₂ is as defined above)  wherein the alkyl group in —NH-alkyl and —N(-alkyl)₂ and the alkoxy group are optionally substituted by 1 to 5 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, —CF₃, —OH, an alkoxy group, a haloalkoxy group, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above),  wherein the aryl group and the heteroaryl group are optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(n)—OH, —N(R⁹)(R¹⁰), —CN, —NO₂, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, —CO—R¹¹, an aryl group and a heteroaryl group (n, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are as defined above), and R³⁸ and R³⁹ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, —CO-alkyl or —CO—O-alkyl, and R¹⁰ and R³¹ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group optionally substituted by —OH, —SO₂— R⁴⁰, —(CH₂)_(x)—CO—R⁴¹ or

wherein x is 0-3, R⁴⁰ is an alkyl group or —NH₂, R⁴¹ is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group optionally substituted by —OH, —OH, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group or —(CH₂)_(s)—N(R⁴²)(R⁴³)  wherein s is as defined above and R⁴² and R⁴³ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, —OH, an alkoxy group, or in combination form

 (X₃, X₄, R³⁵ and R³⁶ are as defined above), V₂ is ═CH— or ═N— and W₂ is —C (R⁴⁴)(R⁴⁵)—, —O— or —N(R⁴⁶)—  wherein R⁴⁴ and R⁴⁵ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkyl group, —(CH₂)_(r)—OH, —CO—R⁴⁷ or —N(R⁴⁸)(R⁴⁹)  wherein r is as defined above, R⁴⁷ is —OH, an alkoxy group, an alkoxyalkyl group, —N(R⁵⁰)(R⁵¹)  wherein R⁵⁰ and R⁵¹ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, —(CH₂)_(s)—OH (s is as defined above) or an alkoxyalkyl group, and  R⁴⁸ and R⁴⁹ are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, —CO-alkyl or —CO—O-alkyl, and  R⁴⁶ is a hydrogen atom, —CO—R⁵² or —SO₂—R⁵² wherein R⁵² is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, —NH-alkyl or —N(-alkyl)₂ or R³⁰ and R³¹ in combination form

 (X₃, X₄, R²⁵ and R³⁶ are as defined above), or R⁴ and R⁵ in combination may form —O-alkylene-O—, a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering a therapeutic drug of diabetes that is different from the triazole compound.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the therapeutic drug of diabetes is one or more pharmaceutical agents selected from the group consisting of an insulin preparation, a sulfonylurea, an insulin secretagogue, a sulfonamide, a biguanide, an α-glucosidase inhibitor and an insulin sensitizer.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the therapeutic drug of diabetes is one or more pharmaceutical agents selected from the group consisting of insulin, glibenclamide, tolbutamide, glyclopyramide, acetohexamide, glimepiride, tolazamide, gliclazide, nateglinide, glybuzole, metformin hydrochloride, buformine hydrochloride, voglibose, acarbose and pioglitazone hydrochloride.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering a drug of obesity that is different from the triazole compound.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the therapeutic drug of obesity is Mazindol. 